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Operating systems can be categorized by technology (Unix-like or others such as Windows), ownership and license (proprietary or open source), working state (historic like DOS and OS/2 or current like Linux and Windows), application (general like Linux, Windows), desktop only (DOS, Apple), mainframe only (AIX), real-time or embedded only (QNX), PDA, or purpose (production, research, hobby). Naturally, these groupings overlap.
See also: Category:Operating systems, , Category:Free software
Early, and historically important
Early, proprietary microcomputer OS
- Apple Computer (initial version was ROM'd firmware together with Integer BASIC; later versions included a Microsoft BASIC)
- Business Operating System (BOS) - cross platform, command-line based
- Commodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20,
- The very first IBM-PC (3 OS offered to start, UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS)
- Sinclair Micro and QX, etc
- TRS-DOS, ROM OS's (largely Microsoft BASIC implementations with file system extensions)
- TI99-4
- Flex (by Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800 based microcomputers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based micros)
- mini-FLEX (by TSC for 5.25" disks on 6800 based machines)
Later acquired by Unisys.
- MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0-6.22)
- Windows CE (OS for handhelds that is similar in appearance to Windows)
- Microsoft Windows
- OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM)
- Windows NT four releases, multiple versions of each release
- Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0) comes in Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter Server editions)
- Windows XP (aka Windows NT 5.1) four versions: Home, Professional, Media Center, and Tablet PC)
- Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2) comes in Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, and Web editions
- Microsoft Codename Longhorn (will be released in 2006)
- Microsoft Codename Blackcomb (will be released some time between 2010 and 2012)
- Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in '90s)
Other
Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant systems
- Aegis/OS (Apollo Computers)
- Cromix (Unix-emulating OS from Cromemco)
- Coherent (Unix-emulating OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
- DNIX
- Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, and which became HP's Tru64)
- HP-UX from HP
- Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
- IRIX from SGI
- Mac OS X from Apple Computer
- NeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT; a UNIX-like OS based on the Mach microkernel)
- OS-9 unix-like RTOS. (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
- OS-9/68k (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Morotola 680x0 based computers; developed from OS-9)
- OS-9000 (portable Unix emulating OS from Microware; one implementation was for Intel x86)
- OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)
- OPENSTEP
- QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
- Rhapsody
- RISC/os (a port by MIPS of 4.3BSD to the MIPS RISC architecture)
- RiscOS
- RMX
- SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO)
- Sinix (a port by SNI of UNIX to the MIPS RISC architecture)
- System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVr4' was the 4th minor release)
- UNIflex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
- Ultrix (DEC's first version of Unix for VAX, PDP-11, and MIPS architectures, based on BSD)
- UniCOS
- MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)
- Skyos (developed by Robert Szeleney)
Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant systems
- BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
- FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
- DragonFly_BSD forked from FreeBSD
- NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
- OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
- Linux
- GNU Hurd
- SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University
- QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS)
- MS-DOS (Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
- PC-DOS (IBM's DOS variant)
- DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ..] DOS variant)
- FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
Network Operating Systems
Research non-UNIX
Generic/commodity, non-UNIX, and other
- 4DOS (command-line user interface for DOS, Windows and OS/2)
- AOS, now called Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
- BS1000 by Siemens AG
- BS2000 by Siemens AG
- BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
- Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
- CP/M-80 (CP/M for intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research)
- CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)
- DESQView (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
- GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M and DOS)
- GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
- JavaOS
- KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)
- MorphOS (by Genesi)
- MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV)
- nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad_de_Chile
- NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
- Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
- OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to a emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
- OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
- Pick (often licensed and renamed)
- Primos by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
- SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
- SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
- TripOS, 1978
- UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
- VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
- VM2000 by Siemens AG
- VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
Interpreted
Fictional Operating Systems
Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.
External Links
A catalog of operating systems (http://www.csee.wvu.edu/~jdm/classes/cs258/OScat/)
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