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Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java, near the port of Surabaya.
It has an area of approximately 4,250 km² and a population of about 1.5 million, predominantly Muslim since the 16th century. It is administered as part of the East Java province. The main language of Madura is Madurese, which is also spoken on many of the 66 outlying islands. The main occupations are farming, fishing, and cattle-raising.
Madura is famous for is bull-racing competitions, where boys ride a simple wooden sled pulled by a bull over a course of about 100 meters in ten to fifteen seconds. Several towns on the island hold races in August and September of each year, with a large final in Pamekasan in late September or October.
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