The name Margaret of Austria belongs to several notable historical figures, including the following:

• Margaret of Austria (d. 1266), sister of Frederick II of Austria, last Duke from the Babenberg dynasty, and wife of Henry, son of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. Her second husband was Premysl Ottokar II of Bohemia.
• Margaret of Austria (1480-1530), Regent of the Netherlands, daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and wife of Juan, Crown Prince of Aragon and Castile (son of Ferdinand and Isabella), and of Philibert II, Duke of Savoy. She was the aunt of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, the father of:
• Margaret of Austria (1522-1583), Governess of the Netherlands, daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. She married, successively, Alessandro de' Medici and Ottavio Farnese.