meanings of Marshal of France definition of Marshal of France books about Marshal of France references on Marshal of France articles about Marshal of France dreams about Marshal of France
 Marshal of France - Definition 

The title of marshal of France (maréchal de France) was derived from the office of marescallus Franciae created by Philippe Auguste for Albéric Clément (circa 1190). It later became a distinction and takes precedence above the constable, which was originally an office above the marshal. Up to 1791, there were 256 marshals of France. This title was abolished by the National Convention in 1793.

During the First French Empire, marshals were known as marshals of the Empire. Under the Bourbon Restoration, Empire marshals were changed back to marshals of France and Napoléon III kept the name unchanged. Four marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal-General: Turenne, Villars, Saxe and Soult.

In contemporary France, marshal is a military distinction, not a military rank, and is granted to generals for exceptional achievements. Its symbol, the marshal's baton, is a blue cylinder with stars (formerly fleurs-de-lis).

Philippe Pétain, awarded the distinction of marshal of France for his generalship in the First World War, retained his title even after his trial and imprisonment and being stripped of other positions and titles.

The last living marshal of France was Alphonse Pierre Juin, promoted 1952, who died in 1967.


Contents
1 Some marshals of France

1.1 First Empire
1.2 Restoration
1.3 Second Empire
1.4 World War I
1.5 World War II

Some marshals of France

First Empire

Restoration

Second Empire

World War I

World War II


fr:Maréchal de France de:Marschall von Frankreich

Copyright 2008 WordIQ.com - Privacy Policy  ::  Terms of Use  :: Contact Us  :: About Us
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Marshal of France".