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Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analogue used for the treatment and prevention of stomach ulcers. It is currently marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Cytotec.
When administered, misoprostol stimulates increased secretion of the protective mucus that lines the gastrointestinal tract and increases mucosal blood flow, thereby increasing mucosal integrity. It is sometimes co-prescribed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to prevent the occurrence of gastric ulceration, a common adverse effect of the NSAIDs.
Interestingly, although not licensed for the indication, misoprostol is commonly prescribed to expedite pregnancy by causing uterine contractions and the ripening (opening) of the cervix. The drug is highly effective, although high doses can cause fetal death and uterine rupture.
More recently, misoprostol has been increasingly used for early termination of pregnancy (see abortion). It is used in conjunction with mifepristone (RU-486). After mifepristone is taken orally, misoprostol is taken 24-72 hours later causing the expulsion of the aborted fetus.
More common adverse effects of misopristol include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, chills, shivering and fever.
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