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Motutapu Island (or simply Motutapu) is located in the Hauraki Gulf to the northeast of the city of Auckland, New Zealand. The island is part of the Hauraki Gulf Maritime Park. Its full name, rarely used, is Te Motutapu a Taikehu, "The sacred island of Taikehu", Taiheku having been a tohunga (tribal priest) of the Tainui iwi.
The island is linked by a causeway to the much younger volcanic island cone of Rangitoto. Prior to the emergence of the volcano, the island had been extensively occupied by Maori for over 100 years. The eruption, some 700 years ago, destroyed their settlements, but there is cirrcumastantial evidence that some of the residents escaped the destruction, presumably by waka (canoe). Of the many archaeological sites recorded, one shows footprints preserved in solidified ash.
The eruption provided a new layer of fertile soil, and settlements were soon re-established, although many of the archaeological sites found indicate that seabirds and shellfish were a more important part of the diet than anything provided by cultivated land. There are the remains of a number of important pa on the island.
During World War II, the island was an important coastal defence position, and military tunnels and bunkers can still be viewed by visitors to the island.
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