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The National Trunk Highway System is a system of freeways currently under construction in the People's Republic of China. It is similar in scope to the Interstate highway system in the United States.
China has been carrying out an ambitious plan to build up a 35,000 kilometres national trunk highway system (NTHS) before 2010. The main objective of the NTHS is to construct 12 high standards trunk roads, which comprise of 5 longitudinal roads and 7 latitudinal roads.
Construction began in 1990 and it is scheduled to be complete in 2020. The scale of the project can be seen by the fact that in 1989, the PRC had 271 km of freeways, but by 1-1-2005, it had 34,000 km of freeway, 4600 km of which were built in 2003.
Unlike other freeway systems, almost all of the roads on the NTHS are toll roads which are largely financed by private companies under contract from provincial governments. The private companies raise money through bond and stock offerings and recover money through tolls.
Efforts to impose a national gasoline tax to finance construction of the tollways met with opposition and it has been very difficult for both the Communist Party of China and the State Council to pass such a tax through the National People's Congress of China.
On January 13 2005, it was announced by Zhang Chunxian, minister of communications, that China will build a network of 85,000 km expressways in the next three decades (2030), connecting cities with a population of over 200,000.
Formed by seven lines from Beijing, nine lines from north to south and 18 from east to west, the network, known in short as "7918 Network", will cover a region with a population of one billion. According to the plan, the seven radiating expressways are the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Taipei, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao, Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Urumqi, and Beijing-Harbin expressways. Among the total length, 68,000 km are trunk roads and 17,000 km are five regional ring roads. There are also two parallel routes and more than 30 connecting links.
Of the total length, 29,000 km have been built, 16,000 km under construction and 40,000 km yet to be built, with 32,000 km to be built in central and western regions.
The total costs of the national expressway network will be two trillion yuan (some 240 billion US dollars). From now to 2010, the annual investment will run from 140 billion yuan (17 billion US dollars) to 150 billion yuan (18 billion US dollars), while from 2010 to 2020, the annual investment will be around 100 billion yuan (12 billion US dollars).
The construction fund will come from vehicle purchase tax, feesand taxes collected by local governments, state bonds, domestic investment and foreign investment.
The network will include bridges in the Pearl River Delta between Macao (SAR) and Hong Kong (SAR) (30km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge) and a 22.5-kilometre bridge from mainland Guangdong to Hainan island spanning the Qiongzhou Straits. Also, a 36 km bridge is being constructed over the Hangzhou Bay, reducing the distance between Shanghai and Hong Kong by 120 km. The Zhongnanshan tunnel with 18 km is expected to be the longest tunnel in China linking Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi, with Zuoshui county by 2009.
It will also include an expressway from Beijing to Taipei, either connected by bridge or tunnel, across the Taiwan Straits over a distance of more than 200 km.
See also: Transportation in China
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