Native Americans have inhabited what is now Arizona for thousands of years. It remains a state with one of the largest percentages of Native Americans in the United States of America, and has the second largest total Native American population of any state. In addition, the majority of the Navajo Nation, the largest Native American reservation in the US, and the entire Tohono O'odham Nation, the second largest, are located in Arizona.

Contemporary peoples native to Arizona are:

• Papago, or Tohono O'odham
• Pima, or Akimel O'odham
• Quechan, or Yuma
• Cocopa, or Cocomaricopa
• Mojave
• Maricopa, or Piipaash
• Halchidhoma
• Hopi
• Kohuana
• Navajo, or Diné
• Yaqui, Hiaki, or Yoeme
• Zuni, or A:shiwi
• Tonto Apache
• San Carlos Apache, Nné - Coyotero or Western Apaches
• White Mountain Apache, Ndé - Coyotero or Western Apaches
• Chiricahua
• Hualapai, or Hwal `Bay
• Havasupai, or Havasuw `Baaja
• Yavapai, or Kewevkepaya, Wipukpaya, Tolkepaya, and Yavepe (four separate groups) (see Yavapai-Prescott Tribe, Yavapai-Apache Nation
• Tewa
• Chemehuevi
• Southern Ute
• Southern Paiute

Tribes of the prehistoric period native to Arizona:

• Anasazi - Four Corners area
• Hohokam, or Ho:-ho:gam - As far North the Valley of the Sun and as far south as Mexico.