A cross section of the cochlea illustrating the Organ of Corti. The Organ of Corti is the hearing organ of the inner ear. It contains receptors that respond to vibrations in the basilar membrane which are caused by sound.
It uses a special structure to change an up-and-down motion of the basilar membrane into a shearing vector on a set of hair cells. The shear on the cells opens ions channels, leading to neural, electrical signaling to the auditory cortex
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