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Pernicious anemia refers to a type of autoimmune anemia. Antibodies are directed against intrinsic factor or parietal cells. Intrinsic factor is required for vitamin B12 absorption. The antibodies cause impaired absorption of vitamin B12.
Blood testing typically shows a macrocytic anemia. The serum vitamin B12 level is low. The diagnosis is confirmed by a Schilling test.
Pernicious anemia is treated with vitamin B12 injections (hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin).
The term 'pernicious anemia' is sometimes used more loosely to include non-autoimmune causes of vitamin B12 deficiency.
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