Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau (May 30, 1820 - April 4, 1890), born in Quebec City, was the first prime minister of the Canadian province of Quebec when it was created as a result of Canadian Confederation in 1867. He led a Conservative Party government. He was also the Minister of Education and Provincial Secretary.
In 1873, he resigned as premier following his appointment as Speaker of the Canadian Senate. In 1878, he became professor of Roman law at Laval University.
He won the 1867 election and the 1871 election and resigned in 1873.
