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Plutonism was a theory of Geology around the turn of the 19th Century that claimed that volcanic activity was the source of rocks on the surface of the Earth. This theory argued that the Neptunist Theory was in error by its claim that rocks had originated from a great flood and were basically sedimentary in orgin.
Both Plutonism and Neptunism were somewhat extreme positions. Rocks and minerals of the surface are of both igneous and sedimentary, as well as metamorphic origin.
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