For the chess opening, see Sokolsky Opening.

Orangutan Conservation status: Endangered
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Subfamily: Ponginae Elliot, 1912 Genus: Pongo Lacepede, 1799
Species
Pongo pygmaeus Pongo abelii

The Orangutan (also spelt Orang Utan, Orang-utan, sometimes incorrectly orangutang) is a great ape with long arms and reddish, sometimes brown, hair native to Malaysia and Indonesia. Orangutan is derived from the Malay Orang Hutan meaning man of the forest. They are the only extant species in the genus Pongo and the subfamily Ponginae, although that subfamily also includes the extinct Gigantopithecus and Sivapithecus genera.

Orangutans are the most arboreal of the great apes, spending nearly all of their time in the trees. They are only found in rainforests on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. These two small isolated populations were classified as subspecies until recently, when they were elevated to the specific level (Pongo pygmaeus on Borneo, and P. abelii on Sumatra). Furthermore, primatologists now recognise three subspecies of the Bornean orangutan: P. p. pygmaeus in northwest Borneo, P. p. morio in northeast and east Borneo, and P. p. wurmbii in southwest Borneo.

Orangutans are highly endangered in the wild. Orangutan habitat destruction due to logging, mining and forest fires has been increasing rapidly in the last decade. Much of this activity is illegal, occurring in national parks that are officially off limits to loggers, miners and plantation development. There is also a major problem with the illegal trapping of baby Orangutans for sale into the pet trade; the trappers usually kill the mother to steal the baby.

Like the other great apes, Orangutans are remarkably intelligent. In the mid-1990s, one population of Orangutans was found to use feeding tools regularly. Evidence of this had been earlier discovered among chimpanzees by Jane Goodall in the 1960s. A 2003 paper in the journal Science described the evidence for distinct Orangutan cultures (see external link 1 below for more details). Orangutans are generally among the least aggressive among the apes, being friendly animals. Particularly notable is that wild Orangutans are known to visit human-run facilities for orphaned young Orangutans released from illegal captivity, interacting with the orphans and probably helping them adapt in their return to living in the wild.

See also

• List of apes
• The Librarian (a fictional Orangutan in Terry Pratchett novels)
• Skunk ape

Reference

• (2004) Tracking Orangutans from the Sky. (http://www.plosbiology.org/plosonline/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030022) PLoS Biol 3(1): e22.

External links

• Orangutan Cultures Online (http://www.duke.edu/%7Emym1/ouculturesPR.htm)
• Bohorok Orang Utan Rehabilitation Center Bukit Lawang (http://www.asinah.org/travel-guides/indonesia-bukit-lawang.html)
• Information from Grungy Ape on the difference between the two Orang-utan species (http://www.grungyape.com/new/orangutan.html)
• Information from Grungy Ape on the difference between the two Orang-utan species - temporary link while above link not working (http://www.grungyape.com/old/orangutan.html#)

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