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The Pulitzer Prize for Music was first awarded in 1943. Joseph Pulitzer did not call for such a prize in his will, but had arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year. This was eventually converted into a full fledged prize.
The winners in this category have been:
- 1943: William Schuman, Secular Cantata No. 2: A Free Song
- 1944: Howard Hanson, Symphony No. 4
- 1945: Aaron Copland, Appalachian Spring, ballet
- 1946: Leo Sowerby, The Canticle of the Sun
- 1947: Charles Ives, Symphony No. 3
- 1948: Walter Piston, Symphony No. 3
- 1949: Virgil Thomson, Louisiana Story, film score
- 1950: Gian-Carlo Menotti, The Consul, opera
- 1951: Douglas Moore, Giants in the Earth, opera
- 1952: Gail Kubik, Symphony Concertante
- 1953: no prize awarded
- 1954: Quincy Porter, Concerto Concertante for two pianos and orchestra
- 1955: Gian-Carlo Menotti, The Saint of Bleecker Street, opera
- 1956: Ernst Toch, Symphony No. 3
- 1957: Norman Dello Joio, Meditations on Ecclesiastes
- 1958: Samuel Barber, Vanessa, opera
- 1959: John La Montaine, Piano Concerto
- 1960: Elliott Carter, String Quartet No. 2
- 1961: Walter Piston, Symphony No. 7
- 1962: Robert Ward, The Crucible, opera
- 1963: Samuel Barber, Piano Concerto No. 1
- 1964: no prize awarded
- 1965: no prize awarded (See Duke Ellington)
- 1966: Leslie Bassett, Variations for Orchestra
- 1967: Leon Kirchner, Quartet No. 3 for strings and electronic tape
- 1968: George Crumb, Echoes of Time and the River
- 1969: Karel Husa, String Quartet No. 3
- 1970: Charles Wuorinen, Time's Encomium
- 1971: Mario Davidovsky, Synchronisms No. 6
- 1972: Jacob Druckman, Windows
- 1973: Elliott Carter, String quartet No. 3
- 1974: Donald Martino, Notturno
- 1975: Dominick Argento, From the Diary of Virginia Woolf
- 1976: Ned Rorem, Air Music
- 1977: Richard Wernick, Visions of Terror and Wonder
- 1978: Michael Colgrass, Deja Vu for percussion and orchestra
- 1979: Joseph Schwantner, Aftertones of Infinity
- 1980: David Del Tredici, In Memory of a Summer Day
- 1981: no prize awarded
- 1982: Roger Sessions, Concerto for Orchestra
- 1983: Ellen Zwilich, Three Movements for Orchestra (Symphony No. 1)
- 1984: Bernard Rands, Canti del Sole
- 1985: Stephen Albert, Symphony RiverRun
- 1986: George Perle, Wind Quintet No. 4, for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon
- 1987: John Harbison, The Flight into Egypt
- 1988: William Bolcom, 12 New Etudes for Piano
- 1989: Roger Reynolds, Whispers Out of Time
- 1990: Mel D. Powell, Duplicates: A Concerto
- 1991: Shulamit Ran, Symphony
- 1992: Wayne Peterson, The Face of the Night
- 1993: Christopher Rouse, Trombone Concerto
- 1994: Gunther Schuller, Of Reminiscences and Reflections
- 1995: Morton Gould, Stringmusic
- 1996: George Walker, Lilacs, for soprano and orchestra
- 1997: Wynton Marsalis, Blood on the Fields, oratorio
- 1998: Aaron Jay Kernis, String Quartet No. 2, Musica Instrumentalis
- 1999: Melinda Wagner, Concerto for Flute, Strings, and Percussion
- 2000: Lewis Spratlan, Life is a Dream, opera (awarded for concert version of Act II)
- 2001: John Corigliano, Symphony No. 2 for string orchestra
- 2002: Henry Brant, Ice Field
- 2003: John Adams, On the Transmigration of Souls
- 2004: Paul Moravec, Tempest Fantasy
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