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In CMYK printing, registration black refers to 100% coverage in each of the four process colors: cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K). It is a special purpose color, and as such is not used to print black text or grayscale graphics. True black (0C 0M 0Y 100K) is used for that purpose. Registration black is never used as a substitute for true black. First of all, using four times the necessary amount of ink would be quite expensive, and secondly, printing presses are unable to carry such a heavy ink load.
Instead, registration black is used for printing crop marks, or "registration marks". When proofs for each color were generated on separate pieces of film, use of registration black made crop marks visible on all channels, providing a useful reference for alignment.
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