In political science, a republican (lowercase r) is a person who advocates the establishment of a republic as a form of government, in contrast to a monarchist and focused more on republican ideals than democratic.

See also: republicanism

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In politics, a Republican (uppercase R) is a member, delegate or supporter of any Republican political party; for example the United States Republican Party, Fianna Fáil - The Republican Party in the Republic of Ireland, etc. The politics of these parties varies widely with the context, although there is a common thread of support for an "independent" state.

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Jämtland Republicans is a Swedish American Football team.

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In the Spanish Civil War, Republican was the name given for the side which fought unsuccessfully in defence of the Second Spanish Republic, and which were defeated by the forces of General Francisco Franco.

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A republican in the context of Northern Ireland is someone who supports a range of Northern Irish parties, most notably Sinn Féin, from the nationalist community. Republican can also mean a supporter of the military organisation, such as the Irish Republican Army or the Irish National Liberation Army. Many of these organisations claim descent from earlier Irish republican movements such as the Irish Republican Brotherhood or the Easter Rising mounted in 1916.