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Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a substance found in the skins of certain red grapes, the roots of Japanese knotweed (Hu Zhang in China) and Giant knotweed, peanuts, blueberries, some pines (Scots pine, Eastern white pine). It is sold as a mass-produced nutritional supplement. The supplement is usually based on dried ground red grape skins.
Resveratrol is a polyphenol which is produced in plants with help of enzyme stilbene synthase and has anti-fungal properties. It is believed to have longevity-enhancing properties for animals, by acting as a CR-mimetic. Recent experiments have demonstrated that resveratrol significantly extends the lifespan of a yeast. All higher plants have enzyme chalcone synthase, which is very similar to stilbene synthase but does not produce resveratrol.
The French Paradox (how the French live longer and have less heart disease while consuming a high-fat diet) has also been explained in terms of resveratrol, in that the red grape skin form makes it into red wine that is consumed in France.
The mechanism of resveratrol effect on life extension is not fully understood. It is believed to turn on cellular self-defense mechanisms in a way similar to caloric restriction.
Resveratrol has also been determined to increase the potency of some antiretroviral drugs in vitro. Recent research at Ohio State University indicated resveratrol inhibits development of cardiac fibrosis.
The image shown is of trans-resveratrol. Trans-resveratrol can convert to cis-resveratrol under the influence of heat or UV irradiation. Only the trans form is capable of activating SIRT1 in vitro; it is also the form predominately found in red wine.
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