Romanian grammar is the study of grammar in the Romanian language.

Contents

1 Pronouns 2 Nouns 2.1 Gender 2.2 Number 3 Articles 3.1 Definite article 3.2 Indefinite article 3.3 Possession 4 Numerals 5 Adjectives 6 Verbs 7 Adverbs 8 Prepositions

Pronouns

There are eight personal pronouns in Romanian:

 Singular
  1st person    eu
  2nd person    tu
  3rd person    el (masc.), ea (fem.)
 Plural
  1st person    noi
  2nd person    voi
  3rd person    ei (masc.), ele (fem.)

The pronouns above are those in the nominative case. They are usually omitted in Romanian unless required to disambiguate the meaning of a sentence. Usually, the verb ending provides information about the subject.

The accusative forms of the pronouns come in two forms: a stressed and an unstressed form.

 Singular
  1st person         (la) mine             m(a`)
  2nd person         (la) tine             te
  3rd person masc.   (la) el               il (-l-)
  3rd person fem.    (la) ea               o
 Plural
  1st person         (la) noi              ne
  2nd person         (la) voi              v(a`)
  3rd person masc.   (la) ei               (i^)i
  3rd person fem.    (la) ele              le

Nouns

Romanian nouns are inflected by gender, number and case.

Gender

Unlike the other Romance languages, Romanian has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter, keeping the neuter gender from Latin. Nouns of this gender use the masculine form for the singular and the feminine form for the plural.

Words ending in "ă" are feminine, while words ending in a consonant are masculine and neuter and words ending in "e" can be of either gender.

Sometimes it is possible to change the gender using suffixes. From feminine to masculine the suffix "-oi" is used (pisica (fem) - pisoi (masc) = cat) and the reverse with suffix "-ică" (lup (masc) - lupoaică (fem) - wolf).

Romanian nouns have 5 cases, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative and Vocative.

Number

Romanian distinguishes between singular and plural forms of a noun, the plural being formed with vowel change, but sometimes there are some other sounds that change inside the noun.

Here's a table with the rough general rules of the Romanian plural:

Gender	Ending - Sg	Ending - Pl
Feminine	-ă/-e/-ea	-e/-i/-ele
Masculine	-(consonant)/-e/-u	-i
Neuter	-(consonant)	-uri/-oare/-e

Some examples:

Gender	Noun - Sg	Noun - Pl
Feminine	carte = book	cărţi = books
Masculine	călător = traveler	călători = travelers
Neuter	drum = road	drumuri = roads
Neuter	măr = apple	mere = apples

Articles

Definite article

Another peculiarity of Romanian is that it is the only Romance language that has the definite article attached to the end of the noun (as in North Germanic languages) instead of being a separate word in front. They were formed as in other Romance languages from the Latin demonstrative pronouns.

Gender	Noun	Definite article	Noun with article
Feminine	carte = book	-a	cartea = the book
Masculine	drum = road	-ul	drumul = the road

Indefinite article

Gender	Nominative		Dative
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Feminine	o	nişte	unei	unor
Masculine	un		unui
Neuter

Possession

Possession is indicated by using the possesive article (see table) and the oblique case of the possessor noun.

Gender	Singular	Plural
Feminine	al	a
Masculine	ai	ale

Numerals

Adjectives

Verbs

Adverbs

Prepositions