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Royal Thai General System of Transcription - Definition and Overview |
| Related Words: Amplification, Arrangement, Article, Autograph, Carbon, Cartridge, Cassette, Composition, Copy, Crib, Decipherment, Decoding, Disc, Document, Draft, Edition, Epigraph |
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The Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS) is the official system for rendering Thai in the Latin alphabet. It is used in highway signs and official government documents, and is the closest thing to a standard of transcription for Thai.
Features
Prominent features of the Royal Thai General System include:
- distinguishing between unaspirated (k/p/t) and aspirated (kh/ph/th) consonants by marking aspirated consonants with a 'h'
- distinguishing between back vowels (a/o/u) and front vowels (ae/oe/ue) by adding an extra 'e' to front vowels
- transcribing letters in the final position according to pronunciation, not spelling
Criticism
The Royal Thai General System has been criticized as inadequate for learners of Thai, particularly since it does not record tones, differentiate between short and long vowels, or the following differences in pronunciation:
| | Letter 1 | Letter 2 |
| RTGS | Thai | IPA | Description | Thai | IPA | Description |
| ch |
จ | c | as "j" in "judge", but unvoiced |
ฉ, ช, ฌ | tʃ | as "ch" in "check" |
| o |
โอะ, | o | close-mid back rounded short
like "oa" in "boat" |
เอาะ | ɔ | open-mid back rounded short
like "aw" in "raw", but shorter |
| โอ | o: | close-mid back rounded long
like "oa" in "moan" |
ออ | ɔ: | open-mid back rounded long
like "aw" in "raw" |
Tables
Consonants
| Letter | Initial position | Final position |
|---|
| ก | k | k |
| ข | kh | k |
| ฃ | kh | k |
| ค | kh | k |
| ฅ | kh | k |
| ฆ | kh | k |
| ง | ng | ng |
| จ | ch | t |
| ฉ | ch | t |
| ช | ch | t |
| ซ | s | t |
| ฌ | ch | t |
| ญ | y | n |
| ฎ | d | t |
| ฏ | t | t |
| ฐ | th | t |
| ฑ | d | t |
| ฒ | th | t |
| ณ | n | n |
| ด | d | t |
| ต | t | t |
| ถ | th | t |
| ท | th | t |
| ธ | th | t |
| น | n | n |
| บ | b | p |
| ป | p | p |
| ผ | ph | p |
| ฝ | f | p |
| พ | ph | p |
| ฟ | f | p |
| ภ | ph | p |
| ม | m | m |
| ย | y | - |
| ร | r | n |
| ฤ | rue, ri, roe | - |
| ฤๅ | rue | - |
| ล | l | n |
| ฦ | lue | - |
| ฦๅ | lue | - |
| ว | w | - |
| ศ | s | t |
| ษ | s | t |
| ส | s | t |
| ห | h | - |
| ฬ | l | n |
| ฮ | h | - |
Vowels
| Letter | Romanisation |
|---|
| อะ, ั, รร (plus final), อา | a |
| รร (without final) | an |
| อำ | am |
| อิ, อี | i |
| อึ, อื | ue |
| อุ, อู | u |
| เอะ, เ็, เอ | e |
| แอะ, แอ | ae |
| โอะ, , โอ, เอาะ, ออ | o |
| เออะ, เิ, เออ | oe |
| เอียะ, เอีย | ia |
| เอือะ, เอือ | uea |
| อัวะ, อัว, ว | ua |
| ใอ, ไอ, อัย, ไอย, อาย | ai |
| เอา, อาว | ao |
| อุย | ui |
| โอย, ออย | oi |
| เอย | oei |
| เอือย | ueai |
| อวย | uai |
| อิว | io |
| เอ็ว, เอว | eo |
| แอ็ว, แอว | aeo |
| เอียว | iao |
Features
Reference
External link
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Example Usage of Transcription |
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