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During the Thirty Years War the city of Magdeburg was besieged by the Holy Roman Empire's Imperial Army from November 1630 to 20 May 1631 in the Sack of Magdeburg.
On the latter date Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, together with Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly, attacked again and the city fell. Subsequently the Imperial soldiers rapidly went out of control and started to massacre the inhabitants and set fire to the city. Of the 30,000 population, only 5,000 survived.
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