Sholem Asch (1880 - 1957), a.k.a. Shalom Asch was a U.S. (Polish-born) Jewish novelist, dramatist, and essayist in the Yiddish language.

Born in Kutno, Poland, one of ten children of a cattle-dealer and innkeeper, he received a traditional Jewish education; s a young man he followed that with a more liberal education obtained at Wloclawek, where he supported himself as a letter writer for the illiterate Jewish townspeople. From there he moved to Warsaw, where he met and married Mathilde Shapiro, the daughter of the Polish-Jewish writer, M.M. Shapiro. Influenced by the haskalah (Jewish Englightenment), initially Asch wrote in Hebrew, but I.L. Peretz convinced him to switch to Yiddish.

He traveled to Palestine in 1908 and the U.S. in 1910. He sat out World War I in the U.S. and returned to Poland after the war. He later moved to France, visited Palestine again in 1936, and settled in the U.S. in 1938.

His Kiddush ha-Shem (1919) is one of the earliest historical novels in modern Yiddish literature, about the antisemitic Chmelnitsky uprising in mid-17th century Ukraine and Poland. When his 1907 drama God of Vengeance — which is set in a brothel and whose plot centers on a lesbian relationship — was performed on Broadway in 1923, the entire cast was arrested and successfully prosecuted on obscenity charges, despite the fact that the play was enough of a standard in Europe that it had already been translated into German, Russian, Polish, Hebrew, Italian, Czech and Norwegian. His 1929–31 trilogy Farn Mabul (Before the Flood, translated as Three Cities) describes early 20th century Jewish life in St. Petersburg, Warsaw, and Moscow. His Bayrn Opgrunt (1937) is set in Germany during the hyperinflation of the 1920s. Dos Gezang fun Tol (The Song of the Valley) is about the halutzim (Jewish "pioneers" in Palestine, and reflects his 1936 visit to that region.

A celebrated writer in his own lifetime, a 12-volume set of his collected works were published in the early 1920s, and in 1932 he was awarded the Polish Republic's Polonia Restituta decoration and was elected honorary president of the Yiddish PEN Club. However, he was later to offend Jewish sensibilities with his 1939–1949 trilogy The Nazarene, The Apostle, and Mary, which dealt with New Testament subjects. The Forward, New York's leading Yiddish-language newspaper, not only dropped him as a writer, they openly attacked him for promoting Christianity.

Asch spent most of his last years in Bat Yam near Tel Aviv, Israel (although he died in London. His house in Bat Yam is now the Sholem Asch Museum. The bulk of his library, containing rare Yiddish books and manuscripts, including the manuscripts of some of his own works, is at Yale University.

His son, Moses "Moe" Asch was the founder and head of Folkways Records.

Works

• "A Shtetl" ("The Village") 1904 or earlier. Story.
• Mitn Shtrom (With the Stream) 1904 novel and play
• Got fun Nekomeh (God of Vengeance) 1907, play
• Reb Shloyme Nogid (1913), novel
• Mary, 1917, play
• Der Veg tsu Zikh (The Way to Oneself) 1917, play
• Motke Ganev (Motke the Thief) 1917, play
• Onkl Mozes, 1918 (translated into English 1938), play
• Kiddush ha-Shem, 1919 (translated into English 1926), novel
• Di Muter, (The Mother) 1919 (translated into English 1930)
• Di Kishufmakherin fun Kastilien (The Witch of Castile), 1921
• Urteyl (Death Sentence) 1924
• Khaym Lederers Tsurikkumen (The Return of Khaym Lederer), 1927
• Farn Mabul trilogy (Before the Flood) 1929-31, translated as Three Cities, 1933
• Gots Gefangene (God's Captives) 1933
• Der Thilim Yid, 1934, translated as Salvation
• Bayrn Opgrunt, 1937, translated as The Precipice
• Three Novels, 1938
• Dos Gezang fun Tol (The Song of the Valley) 1938 (translated into English 1939)
• The Nazarene (1939)
• The Apostle (1943)
• Mary (1949), unrelated to his earlier work of the same name.
• The Prophet (1955)

References

• —, Sholem Asch (http://www.library.yale.edu/judaica/asch/aschbio.html), on the site of the Yale University Library, Judaica Collection.
• Bell, June D., "Sholem Asch's Yiddish drama God of Vengeance(1907) (http://www.jewish-theater.com/visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=212)" on the All About Yiddish Theater site.
• Umansky, Ellen, "[Asch's Passion (http://www.nextbook.org/cultural/feature.html?id=117)]" on Nextbook, mostly about his controversial trilogy that began with The Nazarene.

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