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Socrates Scholasticus was a Greek
Christian church historian;
born at Constantinople c. 380.
Even in ancient times nothing seems to
have been known of the life of Socrates except what
was gathered from notices in his "Church History."
His birth and education are related in V., xxiv. 9;
his teachers were the grammarian Helladius and
Ammonius, who came to Constantinople from
Alexandria, where they had been heathen priests (V.,
xvi. 9). A revolt, accompanied by an attack upon
the heathen temples, had forced them to flee. This
revolt is dated about 390.
That Socrates
later profited by the teaching of the sophist Troilus,
is not proven; no certainty exists as to his precise
vocation, although it may be inferred from his work
that he was a layman. On the title-page of his
history, he is designated as a scholasticus (lawyer).
In
later years Socrates traveled and visited among
other places Paphlagonia and Cyprus (cf. Hist.
eccl., I., xii. 8, II., xxxviii. 30).
His "Church History"
Socrates' work on
church history was first edited in Greek by
Robert Estienne, on the basis of Codex Regius 1443
(Paris, 1544); a translation into Latin by Johannes
Christophorson (1612) is important for its various
readings. The fundamental edition, however, was
produced by Valesius (Paris, 1668),
who used Codex Regius, a Codex
Vaticanus, and a Codex Florentinus, and
also employed the indirect tradition
of Theodorus Lector (Codex Leonis
Alladi).
The history covers the years 305-439,
and was finished about 439, in any case during
the lifetime of Emperor Theodosius, i.e., before
450.
The purpose of the
history is to give a continuation of the work of
Eusebius of Caesarea (I., i.). It relates in simple language
what the Church has experienced
from the days of Constantine to the writer's time.
Ecclesiastical dissensions occupy the foreground;
for when the Church is at peace there is nothing
for the church historian to relate (VII., xlviii. 7).
The fact that, besides treating of the Church, the
work also deals with Arianism and with political
events is defended in the preface to book V.
Socrates seems to have owed the impulse to write
his work to a certain Theodorus, who is alluded
to in the proemium to bk. II. as "a holy man of
God" and seems therefore to have been a monk
or one of the higher clergy.
English Translations
English translations of his writings can be found in
the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers.
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