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HistoryThe origins of Telugu are obscure. Clearly Telugu words appear in the Maharashtri Prakrit anthology of poems (the GadhaSaptashathi) collected by the first century BC Satavahana King Hala. Telugu speakers were probably the older Dravidian peoples inhabiting the land between Krishna and Godavari. Andhras were probably an Indo-European Aryan tribe, to which the Satavahanas also belonged, who immigrated from the north and settled the land. The two blended together to eventually produce the modern Telugu language and culture, for which the word Andhra is interchangeably used today. The first historical inscriptions in Telugu appear about the 7th century AD and known literature starts with Nannaya writing the Telugu Mahabharata in the 11th century. There is prolific literature ever since, but the golden age is thought to be the 16th century, under the patronage of the Vijayanagar Emperor Krishna Deva Raya. The western portion of the telugu speaking lands came under the influence of Muslim rulers continously since the 14th century, most recently the Nizams of Hyderabad. Old Sanskrit as well as Persian and Urdu influences show most in the Telugu dialect from those regions.In 1956, 10 Nizam districts and 4 districts of Rayalaseema were merged to the so called Northern Circar districts forming the modern language-based state of Andhra Pradesh. ClassificationTelugu is a member of the Telugu languages, along with Chenchu language, Savara language, and Waddar language. The Telugu languages are part of the South-central branch of the Dravidian languages. Geographic distributionTelugu is mainly spoken in Andhra Pradesh in India and in neighboring states in India, but it is also spoken in Bahrain, Fiji, Malaysia, Mauritius, United States, Singapore, United Kingdom, and United Arab Emirates. Telugu people live in almost all parts of the World.
Official statusTelugu is one of the official languages of India. It is the official language of the state of Andhra Pradesh DialectsThe dialects of Telugu identified by Ethnologue are Berad, Dasari, Dommara, Golari, Kamathi, Komtao, Konda-Reddi, Salewari, Telangana, Telugu, Vadaga, Vadari, Srikakula, Vishakapatnam, East Godavari, Rayalseema, Nellore and Guntur. In Tamil Nadu the Telugu dialect is classified into Salem, Coimbatore, Chennai Telugu dialects. It is also widely spoken in Virudhunagar, Tuticorin, maduar districts. Derived languagesCreoles and other languages that are derived from this language. SoundsVowelsఅ ఆ ఇ ఈ ఉ ఊ ఋ ౠ ఌ ౡ ఎ ఏ ఐ ఒ ఓ ఔ అ౦ అః Consonantsక ఖ గ ఘ ఙ PhonologyHistorical sound changesGrammarIn Telugu, Karta(కర్త) (nominative case or the doer), Karma(కర్మ)(object of the verb) and Kriya(క్రియ) (action or the verb) follow a sequence. Linguists classify Telugu as a Dravidian Language as this pattern is found in other Dravidian languages but not in Sanskrit. Telugu also has the Vibhakthi(విభక్తి) (or preposition) tradition.
Telugu is often considered an agglutinative language, where certain syllables are added to the end of a noun in order to denote its case: For example, the declension of Ramudu: Nominative: Ramudu రాముడు - (-) रामः | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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