This is a chronological list of programming languages.
Legend:
- ( Entry ) means not a universal programming language
- * <YEAR> means no direct predecessor / unique language
|
|
| Predecessor(s)
| Year
| Name
| Chief Developer, Company
|
Pre 1950
|
| *
| ~1840
| first program
| Ada Lovelace
|
| *
| 1945
| Plankalkül (concept)
| Konrad Zuse
|
1950s
|
| *
| 1952
| A-0
| Grace Hopper
|
| *
| 1954
| Mark I Autocode
| Tony Brooker
|
| A-0
| 1954-1955
| FORTRAN "0" (concept)
| John W. Backus at IBM
|
| A-0
| 1954
| ARITH-MATIC
| Grace Hopper
|
| A-0
| 1954
| MATH-MATIC
| Grace Hopper
|
| *
| 1954
| IPL V (concept)
| Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon
|
| A-0
| 1955
| FLOW-MATIC
| Grace Hopper
|
| IPL
| 1956-1958
| LISP (concept)
| John McCarthy
|
| FLOW-MATIC
| 1957
| COMTRAN
| Bob Bemer
|
| FORTRAN 0
| 1957
| FORTRAN "I" (implementation)
| John W. Backus at IBM
|
| *
| 1957
| COMIT (concept)
|
| FORTRAN I
| 1958
| FORTRAN II
| John W. Backus at IBM
|
| FORTRAN
| 1958
| ALGOL 58 (IAL)
| International effort
|
| *
| 1958
| IPL V (implementation)
| Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon
|
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN
| 1959
| COBOL (concept)
| The Codasyl Committee
|
| IPL
| 1959
| LISP (implementation)
| John McCarthy
|
|
| 1959
| TRAC (concept)
| Mooers
|
1960s
|
| ALGOL 58
| 1960
| ALGOL 60
|
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN
| 1960
| COBOL 61 (implementation)
| The Codasyl Committee
|
| *
| 1961
| COMIT (implementation)
|
| FORTRAN II
| 1962
| FORTRAN IV
|
| *
| 1962
| APL (concept)
| Iverson
|
| ALGOL 58
| 1962
| MAD
| Arden, et. al.
|
| ALGOL 60
| 1962
| SIMULA (concept)
|
| FORTRAN II, COMIT
| 1962
| SNOBOL
| Griswold, et al.
|
| ALGOL 60
| 1963
| CPL
| Barron, Strachey, et al.
|
| SNOBOL
| 1962
| SNOBOL4 (concept)
| Griswold, et al.
|
| ALGOL 60
| 1963
| ALGOL 68 (concept)
| van Wijngaarden, et al.
|
| ALGOL 58
| 1963
| JOSS I
| Cliff Shaw, RAND
|
| CPL, LISP
| 1964
| COWSEL
| Burstall, Popplestone
|
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
| 1964
| PL/I (concept)
| IBM
|
| FORTRAN II, JOSS
| 1964
| BASIC
| Kemeny and Kurtz
|
|
| 1964
| TRAC (implementation)
| Mooers
|
|
| 1964?
| IITRAN
|
| JOSS
| 1965
| TELCOMP
| BBN
|
| JOSS I
| 1966
| JOSS II
| Chuck Baker, RAND
|
| FORTRAN II
| 1966
| FORTRAN IV
|
|
| LISP
| 1966
| ISWIM
| Landin
|
| ALGOL 60
| 1966
| CORAL66
|
| CPL
| 1967
| BCPL
| Richards
|
| FORTRAN, TELCOMP
| 1967
| MUMPS
| Massachusetts General Hospital
|
| *
| 1967
| APL (implementation)
| Iverson
|
| ALGOL 60
| 1967
| SIMULA 67 (implementation)
| Dahl, Myhrhaug,Nygaard at Norsk Regnesentral
|
| SNOBOL
| 1967
| SNOBOL4 (implementation)
| Griswold, et al.
|
| COWSEL
| 1968
| POP-1
| Burstall, Popplestone
|
|
| 1968
| FORTH (concept)
| Moore
|
| LISP
| 1968
| LOGO
| Papert
|
| ALGOL 60
| 1969
| ALGOL 68 (implementation)
| van Wijngaarden, et al.
|
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
| 1969
| PL/I (implementation)
| IBM
|
1970s
|
|
| 1970?
| FORTH (implementation)
| Moore
|
| POP-1
| 1970
| POP-2
|
| ALGOL 60
| 1971
| Pascal
| Wirth, Jensen
|
| SIMULA 67
| 1972
| Smalltalk-72
| Xerox PARC
|
| B, BCPL, ALGOL 68
| 1972
| C
| Ritchie
|
| *
| 1972
| INTERCAL
|
| 2-level W-Grammar
| 1972
| Prolog
| Colmerauer
|
| Pascal, BASIC
| 1973
| COMAL
| Christensen, Løfstedt
|
| BASIC
| 1974
| GRASS
| DeFanti
|
| Business BASIC
| 1974
| BASIC FOUR
| BASIC FOUR CORPORATION
|
| LISP
| 1975
| Scheme
| Sussman, Steele
|
| Pascal
| 1975?
| Modula
| Wirth
|
| BASIC
| 1975
| Altair BASIC
| Gates, Allen
|
| Smalltalk-72
| 1976
| Smalltalk-76
| Xerox PARC
|
| C, FORTRAN
| 1976
| Ratfor
| Kernighan
|
| *
| 1977
| FP
| John Backus
|
| *
| 1977
| Bourne Shell (sh)
| Bourne
|
| MUMPS
| 1977
| Standard MUMPS
|
| FORTRAN IV
| 1978
| FORTRAN 77
|
| Modula
| 1978?
| Modula-2
| Wirth
|
| *
| 1978?
| MATLAB
| Moler at the University of New Mexico
|
| *
| 1978
| VISICALC
| Bricklin, Frankston at VisiCorp
|
| PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2
| 1979
| REXX
| Cowlishaw
|
| C, SNOBOL
| 1979
| Awk
| Aho, Weinberger, Kernighan
|
| *
| 1979
| Vulcan dBase-II
| Ratliff
|
| ALGOL 68
| 1979
| Green
| Ichbiah et al. at US Dept of Defense
|
1980s
|
| C, SIMULA 67
| 1980
| C with Classes
| Stroustrup
|
| Smalltalk-76
| 1980
| Smalltalk-80
| Xerox PARC
|
| Smalltalk, C
| 1982
| Objective-C
| Brad Cox
|
| Green
| 1983
| Ada 83
| U.S. Department of Defense
|
| C with Classes
| 1983
| C++
| Stroustrup
|
| Pascal
| 1983
| Turbo Pascal
| Hejlsberg
|
| BASIC
| 1983
| True BASIC
| Kemeny, Kurtz at Dartmouth University
|
| sh
| 1984?
| Korn Shell (ksh)
| Dave Korn
|
| *
| 1984
| Standard ML
|
| dBase
| 1984
| CLIPPER
| Nantucket
|
| LISP
| 1984
| Common Lisp
| Guy Steele and many others
|
| 1977MUMPS
| 1985
| 1984 MUMPS
|
| dBase
| 1985
| PARADOX
| Borland
|
| Interpress
| 1985
| PostScript
| Warnock
|
| BASIC
| 1985
| QuickBASIC
| Microsoft
|
|
| 1986
| Miranda
| David Turner at University of Kent
|
|
| 1986
| LabVIEW
| National Instruments
|
| SIMULA 67
| 1986
| Eiffel
| Meyer
|
|
| 1986
| Informix-4GL
| Informix
|
| C
| 1986
| PROMAL
|
|
| Smalltalk
| 1987
| Self (concept)
| Sun Microsystems Inc.
|
| *
| 1987
| HyperTalk
| Apple
|
| *
| 1987
| SQL-87
|
| C, sed, awk, sh
| 1987
| Perl
| Wall
|
| MATLAB
| 1988
| Octave
|
| dBase-III
| 1988
| dBase-IV
|
| Awk, Lisp
| 1988
| Tcl
| Ousterhout
|
| REXX
| 1988
| Object REXX
| Simon Nash
|
| Ada
| 1988
| SPARK
| Bernard A. Carré
|
| Turbo Pascal
| 1989
| Turbo Pascal OOP
| Borland
|
| C
| 1989
| Standard C89/90
| ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990)
|
| Modula-2
| 1989
| Modula-3
| Cardeli, et al.
|
| Modula-2
| 1989
| Oberon
| Wirth
|
1990s
|
| Oberon
| 1990
| Object Oberon
| Wirth
|
| APL, FP
| 1990
| J
| Iverson, R. Hui at Iverson Software
|
| Miranda
| 1990
| Haskell
|
| 1984 MUMPS
| 1990
| 1990 MUMPS
|
| Fortran 77
| 1991
| Fortran 90
|
| Object Oberon
| 1991
| Oberon-2
| Wirth
|
| ABC
| 1991
| Python
| Van Rossum
|
|
| 1991
| Q
|
| QuickBASIC
| 1991
| Visual Basic
| Alan Cooper at Microsoft
|
| SQL-87
| 1992
| SQL-92
|
| Turbo Pascal OOP
| 1992
| Borland Pascal
|
| ksh
| 1993?
| Z Shell (zsh)
|
| Smalltalk
| 1993?
| Self (implementation)
| Sun Microsystems Inc.
|
| Forth
| 1993
| FALSE
| Oortmerrsen
|
| FALSE
| 1993
| Brainfuck
| Mueller
|
| HyperTalk
| 1993
| Revolution Transcript
|
| HyperTalk
| 1993
| AppleScript
| Apple
|
| APL, Lisp
| 1993
| K
| Whitney
|
| Smalltalk, Perl
| 1993
| Ruby
|
|
| 1993
| Lua
| Waldemar Celes et al. at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio
|
| C
| 1993
| ZPL
| Chamberlain et al. at University of Washington
|
| Lisp
| 1994
| Dylan
| many people at Apple Computer
|
| Ada 83
| 1995
| Ada 95
| ISO
|
| Borland Pascal
| 1995
| Delphi
| Anders Hejlsberg at Borland
|
| C, SIMULA67 OR C++, Smalltalk
| 1995
| Java
| James Gosling at Sun Microsystems
|
| 1990MUMPS
| 1995
| 1995 MUMPS
|
| Self, Java
| 1995?
| LiveScript
| Brendan Eich atNetscape
|
| Fortran 90
| 1996
| Fortran 95
|
| REXX
| 1996
| NetRexx
| Cowlishaw
|
| LiveScript
| 1997?
| JavaScript
| Brendan Eich at Netscape
|
| SML 84
| 1997
| SML 97
|
| PHP 3
| 1997
| PHP
|
| Scheme
| 1997
| Pico
| Free University of Brussels
|
| Smalltalk-80, Self
| 1997
| Squeak Smalltalk
| Alan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer
|
| JavaScript
| 1997?
| ECMAScript
| ECMA TC39-TG1
|
| C++, Standard C
| 1998
| Standard C++
| ANSI/ISO Standard C++
|
| Prolog
| 1998
| Erlang
| Open Source Erlang at Ericsson
|
| Standard C89/90
| 1999
| Standard C99
| ISO/IEC 9899:1999
|
2000s
|
| FP, Forth
| 2000
| Joy
| von Thun
|
| C, C++
| 2000
| D
| Walter Bright at Digital Mars
|
| C, C++, Java
| 2000
| C#
| Anders Hejlsberg at Microsoft(ECMA)
|
| Whitespace
| 2003
| Whitespace
| Brady and Morris
|
| Perl, C++
| 2003
| S2
| Fitzpatrick, Atkins
|
| C#, ML, MetaHaskell
| 2003
| Nemerle
| University of Wroclaw
|
| J, FL, K
| 2003
| NGL
| E. Herrera at Tlällian
|
| Joy, Forth, Lisp
| 2003
| Factor
| Slava Pestov
|
| Fortran 95
| 2004
| Fortran 2003
|
| Python, C#, Ruby
| 2004
| Boo
| Rodrigo B. de Oliveira
|
|
See also
External links
de:Zeittafel der Programmiersprachen
fr:chronologie des langages de programmation
|
