Transalpine Gaul was a term used by Julius Caesar and other ancient Romans to distinguish it from Cisalpine Gaul. Transalpine means "that side of the Alps", while Cisalpine would mean "this side of the Alps". Cisalpine Gaul was on the east of the Alps range, while Transalpine Gaul was to the west. Together, the regions made up the region of Gaul, which was called Gallia by the Romans. The region that Transalpine Gall contained is now most of the regions of France. Cisalpine Gaul included areas in France and Northern Italy.

The Latin name for this province was Gallia Narbonensis or Gallia Transalpina. It became a Roman province in 121 BC.

nl:Gallia Transalpina