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Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes (EC 2.3.2.13 (http://www.expasy.ch/cgi-bin/nicezyme.pl?2.3.2.13)) that catalyze the formation of a covalent bond between a free amine group (e.g., protein- or peptide-bound lysine) and the gamma-carboxamid group of protein- or peptide bound glutamine. Transglutaminase is now produced in commercial quantities and is used in a variety of industrial processes, including the production of processed meat and fish products.
Transglutaminases form extensively cross linked generally insoluble protein polymers. These biological polymers are indispensable for the organism in order to create barriers and stable structures. Examples are blood clots (coagulation factor XIII) as well as skin and hair. The catalytic reaction is generally viewed as being irreversible and must be closely monitored through extensive control mechanisms.
Other transglutaminases:
- Tissue transglutaminase (TGM2, implicated in celiac disease)
- Keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1)
- Hair follicle transglutaminase (TGM3)
- Prostate transglutaminase (TGM4)
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