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Underwater Archaeology is that branch of the discipline and science of Archaeology that is practised under water, either by archaeologists equipped with breathing apparatus or by the remote control of machines.
Underwater archaeology is most often considered as a branch of maritime archaeology (the archaeology of aquatic vessels and associated infrastructure), though not exclusively: underwater excavation techniques and methodology can also be applied in the study of submerged settlement and burial sites, for instance.
A prime example of the latter is the ongoing investigation of the remains of Ptolemaic Alexandria in Egypt by Franck Goddio, amongst others.
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