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Wanli Emperor - Definition and Overview |
| Related Words: Chieftain, Imperator, King, Kinglet, Monarch, Overlord, Paramount, Potentate, Prince, Royal, Royalty, Ruler, Sovereign, Suzerain, Tetrarch |
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| Wanli Emperor
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| Birth and death: | Sept. 4, 1563–Aug. 18, 1620
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| Family name: | Zhu (朱)
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| Given name: | Yijun (翊鈞)
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| Dates of reign: | Jul. 19, 1572–Aug. 18, 1620
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| Dynasty: | Ming (明)
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| Era name: | Wanli (萬曆)
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| Era dates: | Feb. 2, 1573–Aug. 27, 1620¹
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| Temple name: | Shenzong (神宗)
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Posthumous name:
(short) | Emperor Xian (顯皇帝)
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Posthumous name:
<center>(full) | Emperor Fantian Hedao Zhesu
Dunjian Guangwen Zhangwu
Anren Zhixiao Xian
範天合道哲肅敦簡光文章武安仁
止孝顯皇帝
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General note: Dates before 1582 are given in the Julian calendar,
not in the proleptic Gregorian calendar. Dates after 1582 are
given in the Gregorian calendar, not in the Julian calendar
that remained in use in England until 1752.
1. Following the death of the emperor, the Wanli era was normally due to end on January 21, 1621. However, the new emperor Taichang died within a month, before January 22, 1621, which should have been the start of the Taichang era. The new emperor Tianqi decided that the Wanli era would be considered ended since August 27, 1620, the last day of the 7th month in the Chinese calendar, to enable the Taichang era to be applied for the five months remaining in that year (see Taichang article).
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The Wanli Emperor (1563 - 1620) was emperor of China (Ming dynasty) between 1572 and 1620. Born Zhu Yijun, he was the Longqing Emperor's son.
Wanli saw the arrival of the first Jesuit missionary in Beijing, Matteo Ricci.
"The Wanli Emperor then became so disenchanted with the moralistic attacks and counterattacks of officials that he was thoroughly alienated from his imperial role. He finally resorted to vengeful tactics of blocking or ignoring the conduct of administration. For years on end he refused to see his ministers or act upon memorials. He refused to make necessary appointments. The whole top echelon of Ming administration became understaffed. In short, Wanli tried to forget about his imperial responsibilities while squirreling away what he could for his private purse. Considering the emperor's required role as the kingpin of the state, this personal rebellion against the ureaucracy was not only bankruptcy but treason." Fairbanks, John King, and Merle Goldman. China A New History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.
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