Diabetes : (noun)
1: any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive
urination and persistent thirst
Based on WordNet 2.0
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Sugar \Sug"ar\, n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp.
az['u]car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. [,c]arkar[=a]
sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.]
1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance,
of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by
crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as
the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It
is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food
and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the
Note below.
Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as
the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the
raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it
includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the
glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper,
dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true
sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates.
See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are
ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn
the plane of polarization to the right or the left.
They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by
the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are
themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and
carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet
produced artificially belongs to this class. The
sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose
anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually
not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act
on polarized light.
2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or
appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous
white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.
3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render
acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words.
[Colloq.]
Acorn sugar. See Quercite.
Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an
isomeric sugar. See Sucrose.
Diabetes, or Diabetic, sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety of
sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the
urine inDiabetes : mellitus.
Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose.
Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose
or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe
grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See
Dextrose, and Glucose.
Invert sugar. See under Invert.
Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found
in malt. See Maltose.
Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but
distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite.
Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh
milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose.
Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric
with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found
in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called
also heart sugar. See Inosite.
Pine sugar. See Pinite.
Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by
the action of heat and acids on starch from corn,
potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, corn
sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose,
and Glucose.
Sugar barek, one who refines sugar.
Sugar_beet_(Bot.),_a_variety_of_beet_({Beta_vulgaris">Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet ({Beta vulgaris) with
very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe,
for the sugar obtained from them.
Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry.
Sugar bird (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small
South American singing birds of the genera C[oe]reba,
Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family
C[oe]rebid[ae]. They are allied to the honey eaters.
Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard.
Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple
sugar is made.
Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.]
Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized;
candy made from sugar.
Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass ({Saccharum
officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has
been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar.
Sugar loaf.
(a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form
of a truncated cone.
(b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf.
Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar
loaf? --J. Webster.
Sugar_maple_(Bot.),_the_rock_maple_({Acer_saccharinum">Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple ({Acer saccharinum).
See Maple.
Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the
sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers,
between which the cane is passed.
Sugar mite. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small mite ({Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in
great numbers in unrefined sugar.
(b) The lepisma.
Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above.
Sugar of milk. See under Milk.
Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and
preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; --
called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] --Bartlett.
Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree ({Pinus
Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft
and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the
stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a
substitute for sugar.
Sugar squirrel (Zo["o]l.), an Australian flying phalanger
({Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a
large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See
Illust. under Phlanger.
Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for
taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl.
Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.
Based on Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
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Diabetes : \Di`a*be"tes\, n. [NL., from Gr. ?, fr. ? to pass or
cross over. See Diabase.] (Med.)
A disease which is attended with a persistent, excessive
discharge of urine. Most frequently the urine is not only
increased in quantity, but contains saccharine matter, in
which case the disease is generally fatal.
Diabetes mellitus [NL., sweet diabetes], that form of
diabetes in which the urine contains saccharine matter.
Diabetes insipidus [NL., lit., diabetes], the form of
diabetes in which the urine contains no abnormal
constituent.
Based on Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
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Diabetes : Diabetes: Refers to diabetes insipidus . Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus share the name "diabetes" because they are both conditions characterized by excessive urination
(polyuria).
The word "diabetes" is borrowed from the Greek word meaning "a siphon." The 2nd-century A.D. Greek physician, Aretus the Cappadocian, named the condition "diabetes." He explained that patients with
it had polyuria and "passed water like a siphon."
When "diabetes" is used alone, it refers to diabetes mellitus. The two main types of diabetes mellitus -- insulin-requiring type 1 diabetes and adult-onset type 2 diabetes -- are distinct and
different diseases in themselves.
For information in depth, see:
Based on Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
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