Logic : (noun)
1: the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference
2: reasoned and reasonable judgment; "it made a certain kind of
logic"
3: the principles that guide reasoning within a given field or
situation; "economic logic requires it"; "by the logic of
war"
4: a system of reasoning [syn: logical system, system of
logic]
Based on WordNet 2.0
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Logic : \Log"ic\, n. [OE. logike, F. logique, L. logica, logice,
Gr. logikh` (sc. te`chnh), fr. logiko`s belonging to speaking
or reason, fr. lo`gos speech, reason, le`gein to say, speak.
See Legend.]
1. The science or art of exact reasoning, or of pure and
formal thought, or of the laws according to which the
processes of pure thinking should be conducted; the
science of the formation and application of general
notions; the science of generalization, judgment,
classification, reasoning, and systematic arrangement;
correct reasoning.
Based on Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
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Logic :
1. A branch of philosophy and
mathematics that deals with the formal principles, methods and
criteria of validity of inference, reasoning and
knowledge.
Logic is concerned with what is true and how we can know
whether something is true. This involves the formalisation of
logical arguments and proofs in terms of symbols
representing propositions and logical connectives. The
meanings of these logical connectives are expressed by a set
of rules which are assumed to be self-evident.
Boolean algebra deals with the basic operations of truth
values: AND, OR, NOT and combinations thereof. Predicate
logic extends this with existential and universal
quantifiers and symbols standing for predicates which may
depend on variables. The rules of natural deduction
describe how we may proceed from valid premises to valid
conclusions, where the premises and conclusions are
expressions in predicate logic.
Symbolic logic uses a meta-language concerned with truth,
which may or may not have a corresponding expression in the
world of objects called existance. In symbolic logic,
arguments and proofs are made in terms of symbols
representing propositions and logical connectives. The
meanings of these begin with a set of rules or primitives
which are assumed to be self-evident. Fortunately, even from
vague primitives, functions can be defined with precise
meaning.
Boolean logic deals with the basic operations of truth
values: AND, OR, NOT and combinations thereof. Predicate
logic extends this with existential quantifiers and
universal quantifiers which introduce bound variables
ranging over finite sets; the predicate itself takes on
only the values true and false. Deduction describes how we
may proceed from valid premises to valid conclusions, where
these are expressions in predicate logic.
Carnap used the phrase "rational reconstruction" to describe
the logical analysis of thought. Thus logic is less concerned
with how thought does proceed, which is considered the realm
of psychology, and more with how it should proceed to discover
truth. It is the touchstone of the results of thinking, but
neither its regulator nor a motive for its practice.
See also fuzzy logic, logic programming, arithmetic and logic unit,
first-order logic,
See also Boolean logic, fuzzy logic, logic programming,
first-order logic, logic bomb, combinatory logic,
higher-order logic, intuitionistic logic, equational
logic, modal logic, linear logic, paradox.
2. Boolean logic circuits.
See also arithmetic and logic unit, asynchronous logic,
TTL.
(1995-03-17)
Based on Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
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