Second-order logic (9189 bytes)
1: ...han only in [[term]] positions, as in first-order logic), and quantifiers [[free variables and bound vari...
7: ...l [[real number]]s, one can assert in first-order logic the existence of an additive inverse of each real...
11: but one needs second-order logic to assert the least-upper-bound property of the r...
18: ...econd-order logic is not reducible to first-order logic==
20: ...on. Then sentences that were second-order become first-order.

Higher-order logic (925 bytes)
1: ...rder logic''' is distinguished from [[first-order logic]] in a number of ways.
3: ... quantify over [[predicate]]s. See [[second-order logic]] for systems in which this is permitted.
5: ...which higher-order logic differs from first-order logic is in the constructions allowed in the underlying...
7: Higher-order logics are more expressive, but their properties, in pa...
11: [[Category:Logic]]

Mr Logic (1880 bytes)
1: '''Mr Logic''' (first name Lawrence) is a character in [[VIZ]...
3: Here is an example; Mr Logic is in charge of the till at the local Off-Licence...
7: :'''Mr Logic:''' I shall commence by pointing out to you that...
11: :'''Mr Logic:''' Indeed, undoubtedly so. However your reques...
13: ... to "break every bone in [his] body", causing Mr. Logic to point out that given the number of bones in th...

DJ Logic (757 bytes)
1: '''DJ Logic''' (born Jason Kibler) is a [[turntablist]] activ...
5: Kibler tours often with his own group,Project Logic and has recorded or performed with [[Vernon Reid]...
8: *''Project Logic'' (1999)
12: *Official site: [http://www.djlogic.com/]

Logic (20099 bytes)
1: ...ions for its determination. It is thus seen that logic plays an important role in [[epistemology]] in th...
3: ... However, such prescriptions are not essential to logic itself; rather, they are an application. How peop...
5: ...ments, would currently be seen as contrasted with logic, in some sense; as is ''dialectic'' in most of it...
7: ==Scope of logic==
8: ...ctions serve to help formalize different forms of logic as a science. Here are some of the more importan...

Logic synthesis (727 bytes)
1: ...programmable array logic|PAL]] or [[Generic Array Logic|GAL]] devices, or [[FPGA]]s, while others target ...
3: Examples of software tools for logic synthesis are [[Design Compiler]] from Synopsis a...
5: Logic synthesis is one aspect of [[electronic design au...

Emagic Logic (535 bytes)
1: '''Emagic Logic''' is a [[music sequencer|music sequencing]] [[ap...

Fuzzy logic (6519 bytes)
1: ... terms (0 or 1, black or white, yes or no), fuzzy logic replaces boolean truth values with [[degree of tr...
3: Fuzzy logic is controversial: it is widely accepted within th...
6: Fuzzy logic can be used to [[control system|control]] [[house...
10: [[Image:Warm_fuzzy_logic_member_function.gif|center]]
15: ... cold" at N+1 degrees — a concept classical logic cannot easily handle due to the [[principle of bi...

Abacus logic (1193 bytes)
1: ... '''abacus''' is an instrument, often called the "logical machine", analogous to the mathematical [[abacu...
3: ...nations of symbols or letters which could be made logically out of a definite number of terms. These wer...
8: [[Category:Logic]]

Fluidic logic (814 bytes)
1: ...d mostly in environments where electronic digital logic would be unreliable (e.g., systems exposed to hig...

Simplification (logic) (723 bytes)
1: In [[logic]], '''simplification''' is a [[validity|valid]] s...
5: or in [[logical operator]] notation:
9: ...ment has one [[premise]], namely a [[conjunction (logic)|conjunction]], and one often uses simplification...
13: [[Category:Logic]]

Converse (logic) (1174 bytes)
1: In [[logic]], if "S" is a statement of the form ''P implies ...
3: ...which is not necessarily true. Mathematicians and logicians also sometimes speak of the converses of stat...
5: ...it clear that "S" and the converse of "S" are not logically equivalent:
22: See also: [[Inverse (logic)|Inverse]], [[Contrapositive]], [[Affirming the c...
24: [[Category:Logic]]

Logic of Empire (1347 bytes)
1: '''Logic of Empire''' is a short [[science fiction]] novel...
7: ...political thinkers of Heinlein's generation.) In "Logic of Empire," there are no real villians; everybody...

Linear logic (11687 bytes)
1: ...[[classical logic|classical]] or [[intuitionistic logic]] where the governing judgement is of ''truth'', ...
8: ... a quart of milk", etc.). The failure of ordinary logic to accurately model this activity is due to the n...
12: ...88; instead of ⊃) and a different notion of logical entailment.
14: Linear logic was proposed by the [[France|French]] [[mathemati...
18: The logical [[connective]]s are re-examined in this resourc...

Hybrid logic (1201 bytes)
1: [[Category:Modal logic]]
3: ... hybrid of ideas from modal logic and first-order logic.
5: Unlike ordinary modal logic, hybrid logic makes it possible
13: ...e logic]], [[model theory]], [[proof theory]] and logical analysis of [[natural language]].
16: *[http://hylo.loria.fr/ Hybrid Logics' Home Page]

Non-Aristotelian logic (1011 bytes)
3: ...s opposed to [[Aristotle]]'s two-valued system of logic.
7: * [[Fuzzy logic]]
8: * [[Modal logic]]
9: * [[Paraconsistent logic]]
10: * [[Quantum logic]]

Logic gate (13780 bytes)
1: ...la Tesla]] filed the first [[patent]] for the AND logic gate in July 1900, the application being divided ...
5: == Logic gates built from relays and switches ==
6: ... purposes. In this article, the various types of logic gate are illustrated with drawings of their relay...
36: The first example is the [[logical and|AND]] gate, whose [[truth table]] is shown ...
68: Another important arrangement is the [[logical or|OR]] gate, whose truth table is shown opposi...

Logic programming (2957 bytes)
1: ...age is [[Prolog]]. Other, more modern [[:Category:Logic programming languages|examples of the paradigm]] ...
6: A related paradigm is [[inductive logic programming]], which is concerned with finding ge...
8: ... was an important influence on the development of logic programming.
10: ...nana problem]] is a famous problem studied in the logic programming community. Instead of the programmer ...
12: ... is typically stated as a single hypothesis. The logic program solves the problem by attempting to prove...

Informal logic (3903 bytes)
1: ...ll-known patterns of erroneous arguments called [[logical fallacies]].
3: ...ing can be regarded as an application of informal logic so long as it does not rely on additional empiric...
6: ...al proofs accumulate an enormous number of simple logical inferences, or other proof steps which are stra...
24: * Douglas N. Walton, ''Informal Logic. A Handbook for Critical Argumentation'', cambrid...
28: * [[Logical fallacies]]

Logic families (9897 bytes)
1: Electronic [[logic gate]]s can be produced using different productio...
2: ...ertain production technology as belonging to a '''logic family''' of devices.
5: ...ets is the conventional abbreviation used for the logic family as is often used in the code printed on th...
6: here are the main groups of logic families roughly in order of their appearance on ...
8: * [[Diode logic]] (DL)

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