Hardware random number generator (26624 bytes)
1: ...ntal test. A quantum-based hardware random number generator typically contains an [[amplifier]] to bring the ...
3: Random numbers generators can also be obtained from macroscopic phenomena,...
5: ...]] described a way to use dice to generate random numbers for scientific purposes. Even though some gambl...
7: ...on than others). Whether a hardware random number generator is suitable for a particular application depends ...
9: == Contrast with pseudo-random number generators ==

Random number generator (4855 bytes)
1: ...n, so that the sequence can be treated as being [[random]].
3: ==Computational versus physical random number generators==
5: ...d, is used in the algorithm to produce the random number. This seed is often based on the computer's loca...
7: ...andom number generator is based on an essentially random atomic or subatomic physical phenomenon. Examples...
9: ... method called [[lavarand]] for generating random numbers using digital snapshots of [[lava lamp]]s ([[pat...

Random number generator attack (7459 bytes)
1: ... protocol]]s often require frequent generation of random quantities (see also [[nonce]]).
3: ... to locate. If the attacker can substitute pseudo-random bits generated in a way he can predict, security ...
5: ==Human generation of random quantities==
6: ...clerks were instructed to select three letters at random to be the initial rotor setting for each [[Enigma...
8: ==Poorly designed random number generators==

Cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator (6066 bytes)
1: ...tor''' ('''CSPRNG''') is a [[pseudo-random number generator]] (PRNG) with properties that make it suitable fo...
3: Many aspects of cryptography require random numbers, for example:
10: ...olds if the random stream is obtained from a true random source.
12: ...t sometimes, in practical situations, more random numbers are needed than there is entropy available. In s...
18: ...statistical properties are good (passing tests of randomness), second that they hold up well in case of at...

Pseudorandom number generator (6829 bytes)
1: ... is an [[algorithm]] that generates a sequence of numbers, the elements of which are approximately indepen...
3: ...ratory]] once remarked, "The generation of random numbers is too important to be left to chance.<sup>[[#No...
5: ...ear congruential generator]]s, [[lagged Fibonacci generator]]s, [[linear feedback shift register]]s and [[gen...
7: ==Inherent nonrandomness==
8: ...h the output of a well designed PRNG from perfect random noise without knowing its seed. Most cryptograph...

Random number (7417 bytes)
1: ...s a single observation (outcome) of a specified [[random variable]]. Where no distribution is specified, t...
3: ... not yield any extra information about the next [[number]]. This is equivalent to [[statistical independen...
5: ==Importance of random numbers==
7: ...[[protocol]] of a study from a participant (see [[randomized controlled trial]]) and [[Monte Carlo method|...
9: ...e [[Pseudorandom number generator|pseudo-random]] numbers are of general importance in [[computer program|...

Pseudo-random number (1030 bytes)
1: ...tensively in [[computer science]] in places where randomness is essential to some application, but cannot ...
3: ...t is to be used in any application where apparent randomness is important -- are as follows:
8: ...s [[linear congruential generator]]s, [[inversive generator]]s etc.
11: *[[Pseudorandom number generator]]
15: *http://www.merrymeet.com/jon/usingrandom.html

Hardware (721 bytes)
1: ...tes]], hardware has been traditionally sold in "[[hardware store]]s".
3: In a looser sense, hardware can be major [[military]] equipment, or [[electro...
5: '''''[[Hardware (comics)|Hardware]]''''' is also the name and title character of a ...
8: * [[computer hardware]]

Computer hardware (4294 bytes)
1: ...e [[software]] that provides instructions for the hardware to accomplish tasks.
2: ...[firmware]] is software that is "built-in" to the hardware, but such firmware is usually the province of [[c...
5: ... which holds the [[Central processing unit|CPU]], Random Access Memory and other parts, and has slots for ...
6: ** [[random Access Memory|RAM]] (Random Access Memory)- for short term data-storage, so t...
35: In addition, hardware can include external components of a computer sys...

Handy Hardware (371 bytes)
1: '''Handy Hardware''' is a [[hardware store]] [[retailers' cooperative]] serving 1,200 ...
4: * [http://www.handyhardware.com Handy Hardware]
6: [[Category:Hardware stores]] [[Category:Cooperatives]]

Ace Hardware (707 bytes)
1: '''Ace Hardware''' was a [[hardware store]] formed in [[1924]] by [[ Richard Hesse]],...
3: Their slogan is ''The helpful hardware place''. Much of their advertising since [[1987]]...
6: * [http://www.acehardware.com Ace Hardware]
8: [[Category:Hardware stores]] [[Category:Cooperatives]]

United Hardware (536 bytes)
1: ...s distribution services for '''Hardware Hank''' [[hardware store]]s. It was founded in [[1945]] by [[E.J. K...
4: * [http://www.unitedhardware.com United Hardware]
5: * [http://www.hardwarehank.com/hank/ Hardware Hank]
6: [[Category:Hardware stores]] [[Category:Cooperatives]]

Sega hardware (704 bytes)

Hardware store (861 bytes)
1: A '''hardware store''' sells [[hardware]]: for instance [[fastener]]s, [[Key (lock)|keys]...
3: ...called '''ironmongers''', and larger, out-of-town hardware shops are called '''[[DIY centres]]'''.
5: In the [[United States]] many older hardware stores are organized as [[retailers' cooperative]...
8: [[Category:Hardware stores]]
9: [[Category:Hardware (mechanical)]]

Evolvable hardware (5704 bytes)
5: Software configurable hardware, such as [[Programmable Logic Array]]s,
7: configure or “wire up” a hardware circuit to give it a desired
8: architecture. This can be done an indefinite number of times. By
10: one has the means to '''evolve hardware'''. [Higuchi, 1992]
12: ==Types of hardware EA==

Nut (hardware) (1310 bytes)
1: A '''nut''' is a type of [[hardware]] [[fastener]] with a threaded hole. Nuts are usu...
6: [[image:nut-hardware.jpg|thumb|right|400px|wing nuts, hex nut, hex fla...
7: [[Image:Nut2-hardware.jpg|thumb|right|400px|slotted, square, cap, locki...
36: [[Category:Hardware (mechanical)]]

Hardware register (1024 bytes)
1: ...tput|I/O]] (input/output) of different kinds. The hardware register is contained within a certain peripheral...
3: ...ch as whether a certain event has occurred in the hardware unit.
5: ... or "store" instruction, issued by the processor. Hardware registers are addressed in words, but sometimes o...

Hardware hacking (552 bytes)
1: ...the world. It usually involves modifying existing hardware (anything from a [[remote control]] to a satellit...
3: ...hich may be obtained at your local electronics or hardware store:
6: ... someone who has no prior electronics experience, hardware hacking can be a fun and rewarding hobby.

Hardware abstraction (444 bytes)
1: ...programs direct access to the [[Computer hardware|hardware]] resources.
3: ...y avoiding standard [[Operating System]] calls to hardware.
5: '''See also''': [[Hardware abstraction layer]]

Renegade Hardware (788 bytes)
1: ...ed drum and bass producers in the scene. Renegade Hardware has released material from artists such as [[Kema...
4: *[http://www.tov.co.uk Renegade Hardware's Website]

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