Liquid helium (2477 bytes)
1: ...critical point]] depend on the [[isotope]] of the helium; see the table below for values.
3: ...iquified in 1908 by [[Kamerlingh Onnes]]. Liquid helium-4 is commercially important today because of its ...
5: ...ms are less confined by their neighbors; thus the liquid can lower its [[ground state]] energy by increasi...
7: ...t sufficiently low temperature, both helium-3 and helium-4 undergo a transition to a [[superfluid]] phase ...
9: ..., the helium-4 rich phase may contain up to 6% of helium-3 in solution, which makes possible the existence...

Helium-3 (4065 bytes)
1: ... use in [[nuclear fusion|fusion]]. More abundant helium-3 is thought to exist on the [[Moon]] (embedded i...
3: Helium-3 undergoes the following reaction, among others,...
7: ...tems from the nature of its reaction products. [[Helium-4]] is non-radioactive and the lone high-energy p...
9: Helium-3 is used in [[cryogenics]] to achieve temperatur...
11: ...id|superfluidity]]. The [[1970s]] discovery that helium-3 became a superfluid at around 2 millikelvins wa...

Helium-4 (1576 bytes)
1: ...lements is the source of most naturally occurring helium-4 on earth.
3: ...ehaviour is not explained by the [[chemistry]] of helium, but it is explained by [[quantum mechanics]].
4: ...eratures, because helium-3 is a [[fermion]] while helium-4 is a [[boson]].
8: <td width = 30% align = center>'''[[Helium-3]]'''
9: ...d width = 40% align = center>'''[[Isotope]]s of [[Helium]]'''

Helium (13541 bytes)
5: ...span="2" align="center" | [[hydrogen]] &ndash; '''helium'''
15: | Helium, He, 2
94: | [[Helium-3|³He]]
113: '''Helium''' is a colorless, odorless, tasteless [[chemical...
117: ...neral [[acid]]s. These samples were identified as helium by Lockyer and British physicist [[William Crooke...

Helium fusion (432 bytes)
1: ...he two involved [[atomic nucleus|nuclei]] being [[helium]].
3: ...e of [[red giant]]s and [[red supergiant]]s, then helium can fuse to form [[beryllium]] and then [[carbon]...

Helium burning (675 bytes)
1: ...he [[alpha particles]] to produce [[oxygen]]. If helium fusion is left alone for awhile, it will produce ...

Helium-neon laser (3874 bytes)
1: A '''helium-neon laser''', usually called a '''HeNe laser''',...
6: <br><small>Schematic diagram of a helium-neon laser</small>
9: ...aser, as suggested by its name, is a mixture of [[helium]] and [[neon]] gases, approximately in the ratio ...
20: ...to a coincidence of [[energy level]]s between the helium and neon atoms.
28: ...ed states builds up as further collisions between helium and neon atoms occur, causing a [[population inve...

Exotic helium isotopes (1974 bytes)
1: ...han helium's natural isotopes, [[helium-3]] and [[helium-4]].
3: ... nucleus|atomic nuclei]] for [[element]]s such as helium, [[lithium]], and [[nitrogen]]. The bizarre nucle...
5: ...ecome an area of intense research. Isotopes up to helium-10, with two protons and ''eight'' neutrons, have...
7: ==Table of exotic helium isotopes==
15: |'''Helium-5'''

Liquid (2201 bytes)
1: [[Image:Synthetic diesel fuel.jpg|thumb|A liquid will assume the shape of its container.]]
2: ... of a container as well as on anything within the liquid itself; this pressure is transmitted undiminished...
4: If a liquid is at rest in a uniform gravitational field, the ...
7: where <math>\rho</math> is the [[density]] of the liquid (assumed constant) and <math>z</math> is the dept...
9: ...ed, and contract when cooled. Objects immersed in liquids are subject to the phenomenon of [[buoyancy]].

Organic liquid (487 bytes)
1: '''Organic liquids''' such as mixtures of [[anthracene]] in [[benze...

Liquid rocket (449 bytes)
1: ...' engine has [[propellant]] and [[oxidiser]] in [[liquid]] form, as opposed to a [[solid rocket]] or [[hyb...
3: A liquid rocket could be [[monopropellant rocket|monoprope...

Liquid courage (443 bytes)
1: '''Liquid courage''' is a [[slang]] [[phrase]] used to refe...

Alcohol Without Liquid (1452 bytes)
1: ...ople to take in liquor without actually consuming liquid. The machine vaporizes [[alcohol]] and mixes it w...
3: ...aster and its effects are more immediate than its liquid counterparts. Marketers encourage patrons to use ...

Liquid Snake (1448 bytes)
1: ... [[Metal Gear REX]]. Throughout Metal Gear Solid, Liquid believes that he is the inferior twin behind Soli...
3: The mystery behind Liquid is that he is thought to cheat death; it is prove...

Liquid Sky (1969 bytes)
1: '''Liquid Sky''' was a comedic [[1982]] [[science fiction]]...
3: ...ctricity and water, and built a sound stage for ''Liquid Sky'' as well as all the props.
13: * ''Russian producer flies high with crazy, dirty Liquid Sky'', Dick Saunders, Chicago Sun Times, 1984.

Liquid Skin (669 bytes)
1: '''Liquid Skin''' is the second album by [[Gomez]]. The ban...
16: ...en't Turned Around" were the three singles from ''Liquid Skin''.

Liquid fuels (5916 bytes)
1: ...t-generation hydrogen-fuel test cars that utilize liquid fuels which do not fall under this category, as w...
3: ... to ground transport. However, the usefulness of liquid fuels in the development of [[rocket]]ry cannot b...
9: <b>Fossil fuels</b> which are also liquid fuels come from dead animals and plants which die...
15: <b>Gasoline</b> is the most widely used liquid fuel. Gasoline (known as <b>petrol</b> in Britai...
17: ...[[distillation]] of [[crude oil]]. The desirable liquid is separated from the crude oil in [[refineries]]...

Liquid fire (450 bytes)
1: ...I, [[flamethrower]]s were used to project flaming liquids. Today, the term is most commonly applied to [[n...

Liquid capital (167 bytes)
2: Liquid Capital is a readily available asset, such as cas...

Liquid air (923 bytes)
1: ...in a [[Dewar flask]], as at [[room temperature]], liquid air can absorb heat rapidly and revert to its gas...
3: ...re nitrogen and oxygen-rich [[liquid]]. The rich liquid and some of the nitrogen are fed as reflux into t...

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