Molecular mass (1629 bytes)
1: ...the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one [[atom]] of [[carbon]]-12).
3: ...lculated as the sum of the [[atomic weight|atomic masses]] of all the atoms of any one [[molecule]].
5: ...lly equal to the molecular mass, but expressed in mass units per [[mole (unit)|mole]] (e.g. [[gram]]s pe...
7: ...[[oxygen]] is 15.9994 u; therefore, the molecular mass of [[water]] with formula H₂O is (2 &t...
9: Molecular mass or molar mass are used in [[stoichiometry]] calculations.

Molecular geometry (4891 bytes)
23: <caption>Molecular Geometries</caption>
41: [[atomic orbital]], [[molecular orbital]], [[electron configuration]], [[covalent...

Molecular assembler (5509 bytes)
1: A '''molecular assembler''' is a [[molecular machine]] capable of assembling other molecules g...
2: ...es made between synthetic and naturally occurring molecular assemblers.
4: ...some]] demonstrates the essential principles of a molecular assembler.
11: ...rrounding the creation of artificial or synthetic molecular assemblers. The first is whether they can be buil...
15: ...ial complex]], and are presumedly seeking to do [[molecular engineering]] of advanced materials for military ...

Molecular biology (10890 bytes)
1: ..., particularly [[genetics]] and [[biochemistry]]. Molecular biology chiefly concerns itself with understandin...
3: ...ture (journal)|Nature]]'', W.T. Astbury described molecular biology as:
5: ...ations of classical biology for the corresponding molecular plan. It is concerned particularly with the forms...
9: ==Relationship to other "molecular-scale" biological sciences==
10: ...c relationship between biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology'']]

Molecular systematics (10751 bytes)
1: ...y depend upon it. From the mid [[1990s]] onward, molecular systematic analysis has been causing revisions in...
4: ...ned area of a particular [[chromosome]]. Typical molecular systematic analyses require the sequencing of aro...
8: In a molecular systematic analysis, the haplotypes from a substa...
33: ==Characteristics and assumptions of molecular systematics==
34: ...is example illustrates several characteristics of molecular systematics and its underlying assumptions.

Molecular electronics (2888 bytes)
1: ...cal resistance#Resistance of a wire | wire with a molecular-scale cross-section]] should be enormous, making ...
3: Molecular electronics is often used in science fiction to e...
9: ...r from Mark Ratner and Avi Aviram, illustrating a molecular [[rectifier]]. Later, Aviram detailed a single-mo...
13: ...itated both experimental and theoretical study of molecular electronics. In particular, the development of th...
15: ...tanley Williams, and Philip Kuekes, has developed molecular electronics based on [[rotaxane]]s and [[catenane...

Sub-molecular engineering (186 bytes)
1: '''Sub-molecular engineering''' is a theoretical field of [[scienc...

Molecular clock (3741 bytes)
1: The '''molecular clock''' (based on the '''molecular clock hypothesis''' ('''MCH''')) is a technique i...
3: The notion of a "molecular clock" was first attributed to [[Emile Zuckerkan...
4: ... evolution also, particularly [[neutral theory of molecular evolution|neutral evolution]].
6: ...eplication]] cause the [[mutation]]s that drive [[molecular evolution]], and that the accumulation of evoluti...
9: ...cases, and these can be tested for. For example, molecular clock users are developing workaround solutions u...

Molecular magnet (1290 bytes)
1: '''Molecular magnets''' are systems where a [[permanent magnet...
10: Molecular magnets exhibit an increasing product ([[magnetic...
12: The first molecular magnet was a dodecanuclear [[manganese]] [[comple...
14: Molecular magnets are interesting both from a purely theore...
19: [[es:Imán monomolecular]]

Molecular lesion (263 bytes)
1: A '''molecular lesion''' is damage to the structure of a [[molec...
3: [[Category:Molecular biology]]

Molecular cloud (2999 bytes)
1: ...whose density and size permits the formation of [[molecular hydrogen]], H₂.
3: The ratio between CO luminosity and H₂ mass is roughly constant, although there are reasons t...
5: ...ight from bright stars will have boiled away this molecular cloud of gas and dust. The cloud has broken off f...
7: ...sive object, which comprise several million solar masses.
11: ...in the current Universe occurs exclusively within molecular clouds.

Molecular nanotechnology (16275 bytes)
1: ...ted by chemistry, other nanotechnologies, and the molecular machinery of life with the systems engineering pr...
20: ...org/guidelines/index.html Foresight Guidelines on Molecular Nanotechnology].
26: One of the most important applications of molecular nanotechnology will be medical [[nanorobotics]] o...
42: ...on]]s. Also, nanotechnology permits [[weapons of mass destruction]] that self-replicate, as [[virus (bi...
54: ....zyvex.com/nanotech/nanosystems.html Nanosystems: molecular machinery, manufacturing, and computation]'', a d...

Molecular orbital (5878 bytes)
1: ...ates [[electron]]s can have within [[molecule]]s. Molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of [[atomi...
3: ...ecule are directly. Instead, one approximates the molecular orbitals as [[linear combination]]s of some [[bas...
6: * There must be as many molecular orbitals as there were basis (atomic) orbitals.
7: ...itals mix more (i.e., contribute more to the same molecular orbitals) when they are closer in energy.
8: ...tationary states, so any collection of degenerate molecular orbitals must transform according to some [[repre...

Molecular equation (157 bytes)
1: A [[molecular equation]] is a [[chemical equation]] written as ...

Molecular phylogeny (1973 bytes)
1: '''Molecular phylogeny''' is the use of a gene's molecular characteristics to classify an organism and to pl...
3: ...as it been possible to isolate and identify these molecular structures. That it is now possible to do so can ...
5: ...sassembled and reassembled into patterns based on molecular identification rather than on the previous system...
7: ... infer a gene's relationships by the existence of molecular similarities between it and other genes, it is al...
9: ''See also:'' [[phylogeny]] - [[molecular evolution]] - [[DNA barcode]]

Molecular engineering (3281 bytes)
1: '''Molecular engineering''' is any means of manufacturing [[mo...
5: ... new [[carbon nanotube]] applications to motivate mass production of these custom molecules, drove the f...
7: ...ultimate goal of the field. This may lead to a [[molecular assembler]], according to some, such as [[K. Eric...
9: Molecular engineering is sometimes called generically "[[na...
11: ...that sparks the most controversy is that of the [[molecular assembler]].

Molecular mechanics (966 bytes)
1: ...ecular structure refinement, [[Molecular dynamics|molecular dynamics simulations]], [[Monte Carlo method|Mont...
3: Typically, molecular mechanics models consist of spherical atoms conne...
6: *U. Burkert and N.L. Allinger, ''Molecular Mechanics'', [[1982]], ISBN 0841208859

Molecular physics (1127 bytes)
1: '''Molecular physics''' is the study of the physical propertie...

Molecular evolution (9887 bytes)
1: ..."). Therefore the DNA of a population may "evolve molecularly", while the [[phenotype]] of descendants remain...
7: ==Principles of molecular evolution==
11: ...l'') ones tend to accumulate. [[Neutral theory of molecular evolution|Neutral mutations]] do not affect the o...
25: ===Molecular study of phylogeny===
26: ''Main articles:'' [[Molecular systematics]], [[Phylogenetics]]

Molecular recognition (2538 bytes)
1: ...ght that sources of molecular recognition include molecular solid structures and electronic configurations.
3: ...[molecular histochemistry]]. Specific examples of molecular recognition include systems in which hydrophobic ...
5: ...sists of static molecular recognition and dynamic molecular recognition.
7: ... and a guest molecule. To achieve advanced static molecular recognition, it is nessessary to make recognition...
9: ... and sodium.jpg|thumbnail|400px|Scheme of dynamic molecular recognition. The top shows the case of sodium; th...

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