Principle of bivalence (1418 bytes)
1: [[fr:Principe de bivalence]]
2: In [[logic]], the '''principle of bivalence''' states that ''for any [[proposition]] P, eithe...
4: ... See [[bivalence and related laws]] for a summary of the differences.
6: ...n intuitionistic logic, sometimes the truth-value of a proposition P cannot be determined (i.e. P cann...
8: The principle of bivalence is intuitionistically provable.

Bivalence and related laws (3747 bytes)
1: ...w of excluded middle|excluded middle]], and [[law of non-contradiction|non-contradiction]] are related...
7: *'''Law of bivalence''': P is either true or false.
8: *'''Law of the excluded middle''': (P or not-P) is true.
9: *'''Law of non-contradiction''': (P and not-P) is false.
11: ==Bivalence is deepest==

H-principle (3763 bytes)
1: The '''homotopy principle (''h''-principle)''' is a very general way to solve [[partial diff...
2: The ''h''-principle is good for underdetermined PDE or PDR such as im...
4: ...llips|Phillips]] and was based on earlier results of [[Morris W. Hirsch|Hirsch]], [[Nicolaas Kuiper|Ku...
8: ...> which satisfies a partial differential equation of degree <math>k</math>, in co-ordinates <math>(u_1...
12: ...h>J^k_f</math> stands for all partial derivatives of <math>f</math> up to order <math>k</math>. Let us...

Principle (734 bytes)
1: ...et of principles that the individual obeys. These principles form the basis for their ethics.
3: Principles may also be introduced as [[pedagogy]]: laying d...
5: ...is is a convenient way of reducing the complexity of an argumentation.
7: See also: [[principled approach]].
9: [[wiktionary:principle]]

Variational principle (2244 bytes)
3: A '''variational principle''' is a principle in [[physics]] which
4: is expressed in terms of the [[calculus of variations]].
8: * [[Fermat's principle]] in [[geometrical optics]]
9: * The [[principle of least action]] in [[mechanics]], [[electromagneti...
10: ..., according to [[Stephen Wolfram]], (''A New Kind of Science'', p. 1052.), as a constraint on the ''Ei...

Hasse principle (2101 bytes)
1: ...l-global principle''', also known as the '''Hasse principle''', is the assertion that an equation can be solv...
3: ...n of being a relative norm for a cyclic extension of number fields.
5: ...lding for cubic forms can be tied into the theory of the [[Brauer group]]; it is only recently that it...
12: * [http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/HassePrinciple.html PlanetMath article]

Principle of rationality (574 bytes)
1: ...ell (in 1982) proposed the following '''principle of rationality''':
3: ...nowledge that one of its actions will lead to one of its goals, then the agent will select that action...
5: This principle is employed by agents at the [[knowledge level]] ...

Transfer principle (1928 bytes)
2: ...s, mappings etc. For the precise context of this principle as discussed here, see the article [[non-standard...
4: ...tructures. However, the formulation at this level of generality is false for the superstructure appro...
8: The principle of mathematical induction. This the formula (stated...
10: For any subset ''A'' of '''N''' if
11: : 1 is an element of ''A''

Principle of uniformity (386 bytes)
1: ...corollary is that the principles of [[causation]] of events throughout time also remain constant. Con...
3: ...ligent design]], [[origin of life]], [[philosophy of science]]

Homestead principle (2163 bytes)
1: ...in law is the concept that one can gain ownership of something which currently has no owner by using t...
5: ... ownership of their company name by the Homestead principle. Then, they get successful, and someone else cre...
7: The homestead principle has many applications.
10: ...uity of his legal acquisition work, private study of, and interest in the property. This claim is as ...
12: ...law]], [[salvage]] rights are extended to finders of [[shipwreck]]s or other abandoned property.

Harm principle (1074 bytes)
1: The '''harm principle''' is attributed to [[John Stuart Mill]]'s most f...
3: Mill defines the harm principle in chapter 1 as follows:
5: ...ich merely concerns himself, his independence is, of right, absolute. Over himself, over his own body ...

Mediocrity principle (2713 bytes)
1: ...tion or a philosophical statement about the place of humanity.
3: ...ng around a relatively common galaxy which is one of countless others in a giant, perhaps infinite, un...
5: ...opernicus suggested that Earth was not the center of the entire Universe, but rather was a planet, jus...
7: ...d humans) as the dregs (rather than the pinnacle) of creation. In this view, Copernicus was actually p...

Principle of indifference (10238 bytes)
1: The '''principle of indifference''' is a rule for assigning [[epistem...
3: The principle of indifference states that if the ''n'' possibiliti...
8: ... uncertain propositions, conditional upon a state of information.
12: ...ook examples for the application of the principle of indifference are [[coin|coins]], [[dice]], and [[...
14: ...tatistical physics]], that any two configurations of atoms with the same total energy are equally prob...

Principle of locality (4371 bytes)
1: ...nunciated this principle in respect to his theory of [[kinematics]] in a letter in [[1692]]
6: ...uasienclosed systems, and thereby the postulation of laws which can be checked empirically in the acce...
9: ...al realism''' is the combination of the principle of locality with the assumption that all objects mus...
11: ...ons of quantum mechanics]] reject different parts of local realism.
13: ...sed to calculate the probabilities of the outcome of the experiments, which is, in agreement with [[po...

Principle of explosion (2021 bytes)
1: ... contradiction into one's system makes the number of overall theorems "explode".
3: ... are trivial. Thus explosion justifies the [[law of noncontradiction]].
5: ...g to the English "or". Consider the following proof:
30: ...the argument in order to accept certain instances of ''P'' &and; &not;''P''.

Material principle (420 bytes)
1: ... can be explained in relationship to its material principle.

Argument principle (3869 bytes)
1: ... (black), the zeros of ''f'' (blue) and the poles of ''f'' (red).]]
2: ...'''argument principle''' (or '''Cauchy's argument principle''') states that if ''f''(''z'') is a
5: ...denote respectively the number of zeros and poles of ''f''(''z'') inside the contour ''C'', with each ...
7: == Proof ==
8: Let ''z''_N be a zero of ''f''. We can write ''f''(''z'') = (''z'' &minus;

Sandford Principle (2040 bytes)
1: ...the [[United Kingdom]]. It is called the Sandford Principle after [[Lord Sandford]] who chaired the National ...
2: Review Committee which reviewed [[National parks of England and Wales]] in between [[1971]] and [[197...
4: ...ppens, priority must be given to the conservation of natural beauty." (Lord Sandford, 1974)''
6: The two purposes of [[National parks of England and Wales|National Parks]] are, in short,
7: #conservation of the natural environment and

Scheimpflug principle (592 bytes)
1: ...as good as it will get from a particular location of the camera.

Transcendent principle (777 bytes)
1: ...''transcendent principle'''...dictates the choice of a theoretical framework, and according to a [[plo...
3: ...ny transendent principles are evident in analysis of the [[Tristan chord]] or [[motif (music)|motif]].
9: ...(1990). ''Music and Discourse: Toward a Semiology of Music'' (''Musicologie générale et sémiologue'', ...

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