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Probability (21088 bytes)
1: The word '''''probability''''' derives from the [[Latin]] ''probare'' (to p... 6: so the [[probability theory|theory of probability]] attempts to quantify the notion of ''probable''... 11: ... has been an interest in quantifying the ideas of probability for millennia, but exact mathematical description... 15: ...ed to fall; continuous errors are discussed and a probability curve is given. 17: ...h>x</math> being any error and <math>y</math> its probability, and laid down three properties of this curve: (1... Poker probability (5232 bytes) 1: In [[poker]], the '''probability''' of each type of [[poker hand|5 card hand]] can... 5: ...ed by (1/''p'') − 1 : 1, where ''p'' is the probability. 11: <th>Probability</th> 76: ...iven set. See also: [[sample space]] and [[event (probability theory)]]. 116: ...www.indepthinfo.com/probability-poker/index.shtml Probability and Poker] Posterior probability (1331 bytes) 1: ... '''posterior probability''' is the [[conditional probability]] of some event or proposition, taking empirical ... 2: Compare with [[prior probability]], which may be assessed in the absence of empiri... 4: ...e calculated by [[Bayes' theorem]] from the prior probability and the [[likelihood]]. 6: ... It can be calculated by multiplying the [[prior probability distribution]] by the [[likelihood function]], an... 10: gives the posterior [[probability density function]] for a random variable ''X'' gi... Applied probability (1483 bytes) 1: ...f '''applied probability''', the application of [[probability theory]] to other scientific domains. However, w... 3: ... the application of [[stochastic process]]es, and probability more generally, to the natural, applied and socia... 26: ...p://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/companies/apt/ The Applied Probability Trust]. Probability vector (492 bytes) 1: In [[mathematics]] and [[statistics]], a '''probability vector''' or '''stochastic vector''' is a [[vecto... 3: Here are some examples of probability vectors: Algorithmic probability (1492 bytes) 1: ...lomonoff]] invented the concept of '''algorithmic probability'''. 6: The algorithmic probability of any given finite output 9: programs have high probability. 11: Algorithmic probability is the main ingredient 20: Algorithmic probability is closely related to Probability of error (1260 bytes) 1: ==Probability of error in hypothesis testing== 7: The '''probability of error''' is similarly distinguished. 11: ==Probability of error in statistical modelling and econometric... 15: ...n to be a [[random variable]] and as such has a [[probability distribution]]. Probability of kill (2020 bytes) 3: The Probability of Kill (or PK) is usually based on a Uniform [[r... Coupling (probability) (3102 bytes) 5: ...math>X_1</math> and <math>X_2</math> is a ''new'' probability space <math>(\Omega,F,P)</math> over which there ... 13: ...never meet, we continue this process forever (the probability for that is zero, though). After this event, we c... Inverse probability (736 bytes) 1: ...erse probability''' is an obsolete term for the [[probability distribution]] of an unobserved variable. 3: ...p''(''x''|θ) itself is called the '''direct probability'''. 5: ...stribution" became prevalent. See also [[Bayesian probability]] and [[Bayes' theorem]]. 7: [[Category:Probability theory]] Appeal to probability (1039 bytes) 1: The '''appeal to probability''' is a [[logical fallacy]], often used in conjun... 9: ... that it is rarely used by itself), the appeal to probability is a common trend in many arguments, enough for m... Free probability (1637 bytes) 1: '''Free probability''' is a [[mathematics|mathematical]] theory which... 12: ...tics] - containing a readable description of free probability 17: [[Category:Probability theory]] Probability amplitude (2265 bytes) 1: ...nknown quantity. For example, each particle has a probability amplitude describing its position. 3: ...r a probability amplitude ψ, the associated [[probability density function]] is 7: ...i;|<sup>2</sup>. This is sometimes called just '''probability density''', and may be found used without normali... 9: ...i; by ''c''ψ the integral becomes 1. Then the probability that a particle is within a particular region ''V... 11: ... expressed in terms of ψ itself, not just the probability function |ψ|<sup>2</sup>. See [[Schrödin... Prior probability (5478 bytes) 1: ...bility''' is a [[conditional probability|marginal probability]], interpreted as a description of what is known ... 2: ...sterior probability]]'' is then the [[conditional probability]] of the variable taking the evidence into accoun... 3: The posterior probability is computed from the prior and the [[likelihood f... 5: ...d ''posterior'' are not terms used in [[frequency probability|frequentist]] analyses, 6: this article uses the vocabulary of [[Bayesian probability]] and [[Bayesian inference]]. Exotic probability (1361 bytes) 1: ...g to Youssef, the valid possible alternatives for probability values are the [[real number]]s, the [[complex nu... 3: ...]] and [[S. K. Srinivasan]] as relevant to exotic probability theories. 10: ...x.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/0110253 Physics with exotic probability theory] - paper by Youssef on [[arXiv]]. 13: ...pages.com/home/kmath309.htm The Complex Domain of Probability] 17: [[Category:Probability theory]] Born probability (559 bytes) 1: ...r more generally from the [[density matrix]]. The probability (or its [[density]]) equals the squared modulus o... Probability interpretations (2459 bytes) 1: The word ''[[probability]]'' has been used in a variety of ways since it w... 3: ...ulations as proportions of the whole. [[Bayesian probability|Bayesians]] assign probabilities to any statement... 7: ...ccepted as a scientific tool, the use of Bayesian probability often raises the philosophical debate as to wheth... 9: ...eory, Bayesians will accept to apply a particular probability model, such as the [[urn model]], to a [[thought ... 15: As a possible solution, the [[Eclectic probability|eclectic view]] accepts both interpretations: dep... Probability axioms (4568 bytes) 1: ...e [[probability]] <math>P</math> of some [[event (probability theory)|event]] <math>E</math> (denoted <math>P(E... 3: ...</math> with non-zero probability defines another probability 7: ...>B</math> given <math>A</math> is the same as the probability of <math>B</math>, then <math>B</math> and <math>... 9: ...[[finite]] or [[countable|countably]] infinite, a probability function can also be defined by its values on the... 19: That is, the probability of an event is represented by a real number betwe... Probability theory (6229 bytes) 1: ...'' is the [[Mathematics|mathematical]] study of [[probability]]. 3: ...igned to events <math>E</math> according to the [[probability axioms]]. 5: ...ath>F</math> is the same as the ("unconditional") probability of <math>E</math>, then <math>E</math> and <math>... 8: ...y are those of a [[random variable]] and of the [[probability distribution]] of a random variable; see those ar... 10: ==A somewhat more abstract view of probability== Probability distribution (9730 bytes) 1: ...echnical terms, a probability distribution is a [[probability measure]] whose domain is the [[Borel algebra]] o... 3: ... a special case of the more general notion of a [[probability measure]], which is a function that assigns proba... 5: ...ability Pr[''a'' ≤ ''X'' ≤ ''b''], i.e. the probability that the variable ''X'' will take a value in the ... 7: The probability distribution of the variable ''X'' can be uniquel... 16: ...ontinuous distributions'' can be expressed by a [[probability density function]]: a non-negative [[Lebesgue int...
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