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RUNOFF (1766 bytes)
1: '''RUNOFF''' was the first [[computer]] [[text formatting]]... 3: ...PSET (which was basically a document editor), and RUNOFF (the output processor). 4: RUNOFF had support for pagination and headers, as well a... 6: ...is a direct predecessor of the [[runoff (program)|runoff]] document formatting program of [[Multics]], whi... 11: ...Saltzer/www/publications/CC-244.html ''TYPSET and RUNOFF: Memorandum editor and type-out commands''] ([[MI... Runoff (567 bytes) 1: '''Run-off''' or '''runoff''' may refer to one of the following. 3: *[[Runoff (water)|runoff]], an excessive water e.g., from [[precipitation]... 4: *[[Runoff voting]], a [[voting system]]. 6: **[[RUNOFF]] -- the first computer [[type-setting]] program,... 7: **[[runoff (program)|runoff]] - the type-setting program on the [[Multics]] o... Runoff voting (7011 bytes) 1: ...d especially in a [[political party]]'s [[primary election]]s, in which it selects candidates to present to ... 7: ...referred candidate. If one candidate reaches the election threshold (usually fifty percent of the positive ... 13: ...ballot paper, at which point it becomes [[instant-runoff voting]] or an "alternative vote". A simplified ... 15: ...ot the same thing as a [[primary election]]. In a runoff ballot, all candidates are placed on the inital b... 28: In a two round runoff, Knoxville and Chattanooga are eliminated, while... Runoff (program) (647 bytes) 1: {{wrongtitle|title=runoff}} 3: '''runoff''' was the [[text formatting]] [[computer program... 5: It was a descendant of the [[RUNOFF]] type-setting program from [[CTSS]]. [[Bob Morri... 7: This runoff code was the ancestor of the machine language [[r... 9: A later version of runoff for Multics was written in [[PL/I]] by Dennis Cap... Runoff (water) (1778 bytes) 3: ...when the latter ones are the major concern of the runoff. 5: The [[area]] within which runoff flows into a given body of water is a [[watershed... 7: ...n]]. Rain causing melting snow also causes major runoff, especially in the [[springtime]]. 11: ...n]] is another major culprit in causing excessive runoff, as [[Permeability (geology)|impermeable]] [[surf... Instant-runoff voting (25359 bytes) 1: ...V), as it is much like holding a series of runoff elections in which the lowest polling candidate is elimina... 3: Instant-runoff voting is also known as Ranked Choice Voting (RCV... 13: ...ers are required to rank all candidates. In other elections, votes may be "truncated", for example if the vo... 56: In a real election, of course, voters would show greater variation i... 60: ...and different rules can be considered. A good IRV election must define rules to handle these cases before th... National Urban Runoff Program (886 bytes) 3: The '''National Urban Runoff Program (NURP)''' is a program that regulates wat... 7: ...ution runoff (USEPA Results of the National Urban Runoff Program, 1983)."'' 8: ...cit discharges and dumping, (3) construction site runoff, and (4) commercial and residential properties."'... Election Results, Dayton, Ohio, City Commission (Primary Election) (3185 bytes) 1: ...e candidates automatically advance to the general election. 51: ...on to become the fourth candidate for the regular election. 54: * [[Election Results, Dayton, Ohio, City Commission]] 55: * [[Election Results, Mayor of Dayton, Ohio]] Election Results, Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio (Primary Election) (746 bytes) 1: ...hio|city council]]. The candidates in the general election are chosen in an open primary. Election Results, Mayor of Dayton, Ohio (Primary Election) (848 bytes) 1: ...When fewer than three candidates file, no primary election is held. 8: | 2001 || (no primary election) || (no primary election) 10: | 1997 || (no primary election) || (no primary election) By-election (2649 bytes) 1: ...-election''' or '''bye-election''' is a special [[election]] held to fill a political office when the incumb... 3: ...r election. The [[Republic of Ireland]] holds by-elections despite electing members in multi-member constit... 5: ...nd to do better in by-elections than in [[general election]]s. 7: ...ccur is after the governing party loses enough by-elections to become a [[minority government]]. 9: ...a Horwath]]'s win in an [[Ontario]] provincial by-election in 2004 allowed the [[Ontario New Democratic Part... Election (15008 bytes) 2: ... by [[Alexander Payne]], see'' [[Election (movie)|Election ''(movie)]]. For the [[Theology|theological conce... 3: ...stings20050204 CopyrightKaihsuTai.jpg|thumb|A pre-election [[hustings]] at the [[Oxford]] West and [[Abingdo... 4: ...nts' union]]s to corporate officers. The study of elections is called [[psephology]]. 6: ...voting]], [[single transferable vote]], [[instant runoff voting]] or a [[Condorcet method]]. 8: ...eir applicability depends on the specifics of the election. U.S. presidential election (24380 bytes) 1: The '''United States presidential elections''' determine who becomes the [[President of the ... 3: ...e latest U.S. election see '''[[U.S. presidential election, 2004]]''' 5: == How elections are administered == 7: The election of the [[United States]] President is governed by... 9: ...[November 2]], [[2004]]. See [[U.S. presidential election, 2004]]. Election threshold (1820 bytes) 1: [[Category:Elections]] 2: ... coalitions. Many people hold that this makes an election system more stable by keeping out radical faction... 9: * [[List of democracy and elections-related topics]] Election sejm (451 bytes) 1: ...tion [[Poland]]. Upon vacancy of the throne, the election sejm, meeting at [[Wola]] outside [[Warsaw]], ele... 7: * [[Free election]] General election (1044 bytes) 1: ...s distinguished from [[by-election]]s and [[local election]]s. 3: ...e term originates in the [[United Kingdom general elections]] for the [[United Kingdom House of Commons|Hous... 5: ==List of general elections== 6: *[[Canadian federal elections]] 7: *[[Irish general elections]] Khaki Election (1194 bytes) 1: ...rms. A "khaki election" is therefore any national election which is heavily influenced by wartime or postwar... 3: ...I]]. The [[1945]] election was not really a khaki election in the classic sense, however, since the electora... Papal election (31752 bytes) 2: ...a key"), referring to the "locking away" of the [[Election|electors]] during the process. Conclaves have bee... 4: ... to participate. Popes may make rules relating to election procedures; they may determine the composition of... 7: The procedures relating to the election of the Pope have undergone almost two [[millenniu... 10: ... in the election procedures often resulted in the election of rival Popes or [[antipope]]s. 17: ...st Pope who was not a cardinal at the time of his election. There is no requirement that a Bishop of Rome be... Realigning election (13296 bytes) 1: ... quo. It is generally believed that a realigning election happens only after a shift in partisan preference... 3: ...tified realignments as occurring during "critical elections." Other scholars to cover this matter include J... 5: ... Here is presented a list of potential realigning elections, with disagreements noted: 7: == Realigning Elections in history == 9: * [[U.S. presidential election, 1800]] -- [[Thomas Jefferson]] Free election (4823 bytes) 1: [[Image:Elekcja1.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Election of [[Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki]] as king of Pol... 2: ... throne between [[1572]] and [[1791]], when "free election" was abolished by the [[May 3rd Constitution]] ([... 4: ... second dynasty. However, while the principle of election continued in effect throughout the nearly two cen... 6: ...chancellor]] and [[hetman]] [[Jan Zamoyski]], the election would be by all male [[szlachta]] ([[nobles]]) wh... 10: ... to blows among the divided nobles. Following an election, the king-elect was obliged to sign [[pacta conve...
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