Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (3554 bytes)
1: ...68]] - [[December 9]], [[1437]]) was [[Holy Roman Emperor]] from [[1433]] to [[1437]].
3: [[Image:Holyromanemperorsigismund.jpeg|thumb|right|300px|(Non-contemporary) portrai...
5: ...econd son of the Emperor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]], was born in [[Nuremberg]].
7: ...]-[[1385]] and [[1386]]-[[1395]]) of [[Hungary]], Sigismund became the country's king in 1386 despite opposit...
11: In [[1410]] he was elected emperor of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], though his title was not universally re...

Holy Roman Emperor (3271 bytes)
1: ...was, with some variation, the ruler of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], the predecessor of modern [[Germany]], ...
3: ...the Great]], king of the East Franks, was crowned emperor in [[962]]. The transfer of the Empire was, in me...
5: ... of "Holy Roman Emperor", as the name of the Holy Roman Empire itself, was only used in later centuries.
7: ...ons in [[feudal law]]). By contrast, the title of emperor had a more religious connotation, suggesting the ...
11: ...nation of the pope either, but considered himself emperor directly.

Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (10463 bytes)
2: ...[March 4]], [[1152]] and was crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]] on [[June 18]] [[1155]]. He was also [[Duke of...
6: ..., and negotiations were begun with the East Roman emperor, [[Manuel I Comnenus]]. It was probably about th...
8: ... into Italy, in the first of which he was crowned emperor in Rome by [[Pope Adrian IV]] in the aftermath of...
10: ... which resulted in the [[excommunication]] of the emperor in 1160. In response, Frederick declared his sup...
12: ...y relations were entered into with the East Roman emperor [[Manuel]], and attempts were made to come to a b...

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (5326 bytes)
1: ...[Image:Emperor_Maximilian_I.png|right|250px|thumb|Emperor Maximilian I]]
2: ...2]], [[1519]]) was [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]]
5: ...he son of the Emperor [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] and [[Eleanore of Portugal]]. He ...
7: ... Austria]] from his cousin [[Sigismund of Austria|Sigismund]], the last member of the ''Elder Tyrolean Line''...
9: ==Reign in the Holy Roman Empire==

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (3673 bytes)
1: [[Image:Maximilian II.jpg|thumb|250px|Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II]]
3: ...f [[Hungary]] from 1563 and emperor of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] from 1564 until his death.
5: ...]], his uncle the Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]. [[Philip II of Spain]], son of Charl...
7: ...neutrality and peace in the Empire afforded its [[Roman Catholic]]s and [[Protestant]]s a breathing-space...
9: ... Protestant nobility and worked for reform in the Roman Catholic church, including the right of priests t...

Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (5734 bytes)
1: ...mperor.jpg|thumb|150px|Charles IV, the Holy Roman Emperor]]
2: ...9]], Charles IV was uncontested ruler of the Holy Roman Empire till his death in [[1378]].
4: ...nastic sphere and abandoned the ideal of the Holy Roman Empire as a universal monarchy. In 1353 Luxembour...
6: ...right|thumb|Interview of King Charles V. with the Emperor Charles IV. in Paris in 1378.--Fac-simile of a Mi...
8: ...future [[John II of France]], in [[1335]]. Thus, Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg was the maternal uncle o...

Wenceslaus, Holy Roman Emperor (2056 bytes)
1: ...or|Charles IV]] as [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]] (ruled [[1378]] - [[1400]]) and as king of [[Bo...
3: ..., the princes of the German states deposed him as Emperor in August 1400 in favour of [[Rupert, King of the...
9: ...er" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]]'''
10: ...''[[List of German Kings and Emperors|King of the Romans]]'''
15: ...er" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor | Charles I]]'''

Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (8474 bytes)
1: [[Image:Grave of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.jpg|thumb|300px|Grave of Otto I in [[Magdeburg]]...
3: ...mperor]]. (While [[Charlemagne]] had been crowned emperor in [[800]], his empire fell apart amidst successi...
25: ...e out in the city between those who supported the emperor and those who supported John. John returned to po...
27: ... from 966-972, although in [[972]], the Byzantine emperor [[John I Tzimisces]] recognized Otto's imperial t...
34: ...erors|King of Germany]]'''<br>''Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]]''

Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (2103 bytes)
3: ...he was accepted as [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]] without opposition.
5: ...rona]] to confirm his son, [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]], as king of Germany. He died later th...
9: ...center" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]]'''
10: ...erors|King of Germany]]'''<br>''Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]]''
11: ...ter" | Succeeded by:<br>'''[[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]]'''

Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (4049 bytes)
1: ...ntil his abdication in [[1105]]. He was the third emperor of the [[Salian]] dynasty.
3: ...eldest son of the Emperor [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]], by his second wife [[Agnes de Poitou...
5: ...ing the imperial crown, and [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry]] forced his father's abdication in [[1105]...
20: ...ter" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]'''
21: ...erors|King of Germany]]'''<br>''Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]]''

Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1757 bytes)
1: ...of his father, the emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] and secured his own election as king, ...
3: ...urch appointees with their spiritual offices, the Emperor with their lay rights.
9: ...nter" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]'''
10: ...erors|King of Germany]]'''<br>''Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]]''
11: ...er" | Succeeded by:<br>'''[[Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothar II]]'''

Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor (1913 bytes)
4: ...106, king of [[Germany]] in 1125 and [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1133.
6: ...e kingship (the usual preliminary to accession as emperor), and Frederick's brother [[Conrad III]].
8: ... was elected (1138) king of the Romans, ruling as emperor in all but name, though he was never crowned as s...
14: ...enter" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]]'''
15: ...erors|King of Germany]]'''<br>''Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]]''

Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (4516 bytes)
1: ...the fifth and last [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]] of the Saxon or [[Ottonian]] dynasty.
3: ... As his father had rebelled against two previous emperors, he was often in exile. This led the younger He...
5: ...Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]], when the emperor died in January [[1002]]. Knowing that oppositio...
9: ...ere [[Pope Benedict VIII]] crowned him Holy Roman Emperor on [[14 February]] [[1014]]. He took his duties ...
11: Henry's most significant contributions as emperor came in the realm of Church-State relations and C...

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (28853 bytes)
1: ...mil Muhammad al-Malik and Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor.jpg|thumb|Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (rig...
3: ...er of that monarchy from [[1215]], and Holy Roman Emperor from [[1220]] until his death in 1250. His empire...
10: ...by [[Philip of Swabia]] and [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]]. His mother, [[Constance of Sicily|Cons...
12: ...is oldest son Henry took the title of King of the Romans.
14: Unlike most Holy Roman emperors, Frederick spent little of his life in Germany. ...

Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor (5282 bytes)
1: ...g]] in [[1024]] and crowned emperor of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] on [[March 26]], [[1027]], the first mem...
3: During his reign, he proved that the [[Holy Roman Empire|German]] [[monarchy]] had become a viable ...
5: ...o the marriage and emperor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] used these findings to force Conrad in...
7: ...hed [[Rome]], where [[Pope John XIX]] crowned him emperor on Easter, [[1027]].
9: ... Henry, the later Emperor [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]], became chief counsellor of his fathe...

Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (2415 bytes)
1: ...9 and, after 1314, [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]]. Louis died on [[October 11]], [[1347]].
9: * [[Louis VI the Roman]], duke of Bavaria, born [[1330]]
15: ...ator [[Sciarra Colonna]], called ''captain of the Roman people''. Three months later Louis published a de...
33: ...ter" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VII]]'''
34: ...erors|King of Germany]]'''<br>''Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]]''

Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (11606 bytes)
1: [[Image:Leopold_II.jpg|thumb|250px|Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II]]
3: ...heresa]] and her husband, [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis Stephen of Lorraine]]. Leopold was one of...
7: ...ath of his eldest brother [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] in [[1790]] he was employed in reform...
15: If Leopold's reign as emperor, and king of [[Hungary]] and [[Bohemia]], had bee...
23: During 1791 the emperor continued to be increasingly preoccupied with the...

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (12148 bytes)
1: [[image:Leopold_I_Holy_Roman_Emperor.jpg|right|]]
2: ...nd son of the emperor [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]] and his first wife [[Maria Anna]]...
6: ...n a year after his father's death, he was elected emperor at [[Frankfurt]] in spite of the intrigues of [[C...
8: ... personality completely overshadowed Leopold. The emperor was not himself a man of war, and never led his t...
12: ...t [[St Gotthard]]. By the peace of [[Vasvár]] the emperor made a twenty years' truce with the sultan, grant...

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (10062 bytes)
1: ... I of Castile]] and of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]] and [[Mary of Burgundy|Marie, Duchess of Burgun...
4: [[Image:Emperor_charles_v.png|thumb|left|"Emperor Charles V with a Baton" by [[Rubens]], copy of a ...
8: ...a]] and was [[Prince-elector|elected]] Holy Roman Emperor on [[June 28]], [[1519]].
17: As Holy Roman Emperor, he called [[Martin Luther]] to the [[Diet of Wor...
19: ...] (with the Pope) confirmed Charles as Holy Roman Emperor and also allowed him to keep the lands he had acq...

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (4530 bytes)
4: ...re was disbanded. He was also Francis I, first [[Emperor]] of [[Austria]] (ruling from [[1804]] to [[1835]...
6: He was a son of [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II of Austria]] (1747-1792) and his wife ...
8: ...Treaty of Lunéville]], which dissolved the [[Holy Roman Empire]], weakening [[Austria]] and decentralizin...
10: ...peror. Francis essentially became a vassal of the Emperor of France. The [[Napoleonic wars]] drastically we...
12: ...lping to form the [[Concert of Europe]] and the [[Holy Alliance]], ushering in an era of [[conservatism]...

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