Vector potential (11465 bytes)
1: ... velocity field '''v_s''' should have a potential '''A''' such that
3: ...al field cannot be described as having a [[scalar potential]]. This is explained in the [[solenoidal]] artic...
5: ...ational) field '''v_s''', how to find a potential field '''A''' such that <math> \nabla \times \mat...
13: Let potential '''A''' be defined by
15: This vector potential always points downwards (-''z'' direction) but it...

Null vector (vector space) (207 bytes)
1: ... written 0, that is the [[neutral element]] for [[vector addition]].

Potential (2933 bytes)
1: ... that the vector field is the [[gradient]] of the potential (possibly multiplied by a constant).
3: .... The most common example is the magnetic vector potential '''A''', where the [[magnetic field]] '''B''' is ...
5: ...y observable field is a spatial derivative of its potential, adding an arbitrary constant field to it&mdash;a...
7: ...to [[Aharonov-Bohm effect]]s where an effect of a potential is observable even in regions where the correspon...
9: ... by the field is -1 times the [[gradient]] of the potential energy (so that the system is pushed towards a lo...

Potential well (1564 bytes)
1: ...re, body may not proceed to the global minimum of potential energy, as it would naturally tend to do due to [...
3: ...agined to [[teleport]] ''through'' the walls of a potential well.
5: ...ace in a landscape of hills and valleys. Then a ''potential well'' would be a valley surrounded on all sides ...
7: ...vity]], the region around a mass is a gravitional potential well, unless the density of the mass is so low th...
10: *[[Potential_energy#Graphical_representation|Graphical represe...

Potential flow (8895 bytes)
2: In [[fluid dynamics]], '''potential flow''', also know as '''irrotational flow''' (of...
14: *'''v''' is the vector fluid velocity
15: *&Phi; is the fluid flow potential, scalar
22: ...that is analysed using [[complex number]]s (see [[potential flow in 2d)]])
24: ...ntered in nature. [[Richard Feynman]] considered potential flow to be so unphysical that the only fluid to o...

Transmembrane potential (1170 bytes)
1: ...or transmembrane electric field, and not the cell potential that controls the transmembrane flow of charged s...
3: :Compare [[electrochemical potential]]

Evoked potential (4039 bytes)
1: ...ation of a stimulus, as distinct from spontaneous potentials such as [[electroencephalogram]]s or [[electromy...
2: ... for EKG. In order to resolve these low-amplitude potentials against the background of ongoing EEG, EKG, EMG ...
4: ...n studies) are generally not thought of as evoked potentials, though they do meet the above definition.
6: ...plication. In addition, transcranial motor evoked potentials, recorded either epidurally or from [[muscle]]s ...
12: SSEP and MEP (motor evoked potentials), along with EEG and EMG, are extremely useful i...

Newtonian potential (878 bytes)
1: ...'''Newtonian potential''' is an [[operator]] in [[vector calculus]] that acts as the inverse to the negati...
3: ...with ''f'' as [[RHS]]. If we denote the Newtonian potential of a function ''f'' by
10: The Newtonian potential is defined by

Electrochemical potential (3233 bytes)
1: ...represents one of many interchangeable forms of [[potential energy]] through which energy may be [[conservati...
3: ...to a specified [[concentration]] and [[electrical potential]].
5: ...the movement of electrically charged solutes, the potential is often expressed in units of [[volt]]s.
9: ... decided by the difference in its electrochemical potential on either side of the membrane, which arises from...
13: ...o sides of the membrane (i.e. the [[transmembrane potential]]).

Cell potential (3483 bytes)
1: ...[[action potential]]. Among other roles, the cell potential acts as a reservoir for metabolic energy, which c...
4: ...s therefore approximately equal to the [[reversal potential]] for potassium. [[NaKATPase|Sodium-potassium exc...
7: ... and metabolites such as sugar. The transmembrane potential of the [[mitochondrial membrane|mitochondria]] dr...
9: ==Cell potential changes==
10: ...munication with other cells-- as with an [[action potential]] --or initiate changes inside the cell--this hap...

Action potential (11127 bytes)
1: ...ogy|electrophysiological]] recording of an action potential showing the various phases which occur as the wav...
3: ...changes that contract [[muscle]] cells, '''action potentials''' are an essential feature of [[animal]] life. ...
7: ... the same. But the speed and simplicity of action potentials vary significantly between cells, in particular ...
9: Minimally, an action potential involves a [[depolarization]], a [[repolarization...
12: ...ed, as occurs during the propagation of an action potential, charged entities, principally [[potassium|K<sup>...

Morse potential (590 bytes)
1: ...hilip M. Morse]], is a convenient model for the [[potential energy]] of a [[diatomic molecule]]. It is of the...
5: ...), and <math>a</math> controls the 'width' of the potential.

Electrical potential (5886 bytes)
1: ... measured in [[volt]]s. Technically, it is the [[potential]] &phi; (a [[scalar field]]) associated with the ...
3: Like any potential function, only the [[potential difference]] ([[voltage]]) between two points is ...
5: The electrical potential is therefore measured in units of [[energy]] per ...
9: ... [[inductance]] of the circuit. This generalized potential difference is also called the [[electromotive for...
12: ...ce has the same direction as the electrical field vector, and its magnitude is given by the size of the ch...

Electromagnetic four-potential (229 bytes)
1: '''Electromagnetic potential''' is <math>A_{\mu}=(\phi, \mathbf{A})</math>.
3: ...</math> is the [[magnetic potential]], a [[vector potential]].

Chemical potential (3295 bytes)
1: ...species of particle, there is a separate chemical potential associated with each species, defined as the chan...
3: .... In this case, the relation between the chemical potentials at equilibrium is given by the [[law of mass act...
5: ...such as [[photon]]s and [[phonon]]s, the chemical potential is identically zero.
13: The chemical potential of the ''j''-th species, ''&mu;_j'' is ...
23: ... terms of the Helmholtz free energy, the chemical potential is

Threshold potential (150 bytes)
1: ...brane must be depolarized to initiate an [[action potential]].

Receptor potential (455 bytes)
1: [[Receptor potential]] is the [[transmembrane potential difference]] of a [[sensory cell]].
3: ... towards the threshold for triggering an [[action potential]].

Potential evaporation (456 bytes)
1: ...ll affect this. A dryland is a place where annual potential evaporation exceeds annual precipitation.

Yukawa potential (379 bytes)
1: ...called a '''screened Coulomb potential''') is a [[potential]] of the form
5: [[Hideki Yukawa]] showed in the 1930s that such a potential arises from the exchange of a massless [[scalar]]...

Scalar potential (5718 bytes)
1: ... is denoted by the Greek letter ''&phi;'' and the vector field it generates as '''v''', then
3: ...he direction in which there will be a decrease of potential.
5: ...presented as the negative gradient of some scalar potential.
7: ...lenoidal field]] generally does not have a scalar potential (except the degenerate case when it is [[Laplacia...
9: ==Altitude as Gravitational Potential==

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